A new type of broadband circularly polarized leaky-wave antenna (LWA) with high-gain based on a corrugated substrate integrated waveguide (CSIW) structure is proposed and investigated. The CSIW structure that employs open-circuit stubs to replace metallic vias has the advantages of low-cost and easy fabrication as compared to conventional substrate integrated waveguides. Each unit-cell of the proposed LWA consists of two quarter-wavelength microstrip lines and a half-mode CSIW cell with three opencircuit stubs. Two M-shaped slots etched on the half-mode CSIW cell enables the generation of circularly polarized (CP) radiation. The full LWA, which consists of thirteen matched unit-cells cascaded along the direction of propagation enables continuous backward to forward beam scanning. The properties of the CSIW structure, including impedance matching and phase constant, are analyzed by Bloch impedance and dispersion simulations and the influence of the dimensions of the open-circuit stubs on the CP LWA performance is also investigated. A protype of the proposed LWA is fabricated and characterized. The measured results indicate that the proposed CSIW LWA has a high peak gain (9.3-12.5 dBi) throughout a large beam-scanning angle range from −28 • to +25 • , and the impedance bandwidth and 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth are over 40% covering the full Ka-band. INDEX TERMS Leaky-wave antenna (LWA), corrugated substrate integrated waveguide (CSIW), circular polarization (CP), beam scanning, Ka-band, broadband.
A periodic millimeter wave leaky-wave antenna (LWA), which has two different types of radiator elements that enable backward to forward radiation, is proposed. The unit-cell of the LWA consists of two quarter-wavelength microstrip lines and two corrugated substrate integrated waveguide (CSIW) cells with S-shaped quarter-wavelength open-circuit stubs. In addition to two parallel edge radiators, a single etched transverse slot with a tilt angle acts as an ancillary radiator, which ensures impedance matching in a large frequency range and achieves the backward to forward scanning. We analyze the proposed design through simulations, characterize a fabricated prototype, and find it to have good radiation properties including broad impedance bandwidth. The measurement results show a high peak gain from 11 to 15.8 dBi with a large scanning angle range from −34 • to +22 • in the K-band operating frequency range.
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