Aqueous Zn-ion batteries are plagued by a short lifespan caused by localized dendrites. High-concentration electrolytes are favorable for dense Zn deposition but have poor performance in batteries with glass-fiber separators. In contrast, low-concentration electrolytes can wet the separators well, ensuring the migration of zinc ions, but the dendrites grow rapidly. In this work, we propose an electrolyte gradient strategy wherein a zinc-ion concentration gradient is established from the anode to the separator, ensuring that the separator keeps a good wettability in low-concentration areas and the zinc anode achieves dendrite-free deposition in a high-concentration area. By using this strategy in a common electrolyte, zinc sulfate, a Zn||Zn symmetric cell achieves 14 000 ultralong cycles (exceeding 8 months) at 5 mA cm −2 and 1 mAh cm −2 . When the current is further increased to 20 mA cm −2 , the symmetric cell could still run for over 10 000 cycles. Assembled Zn||NVO full cells also demonstrate prominent performance. At a high current of 16 mA cm −2 , the NVO cathode with high loading (8 mg cm −2 ) still has a capacity of 58% after 1200 cycles. Overall, the gradient electrolyte strategy provides a promising approach for practical long-life Zn anodes with the advantages of simple operation and low cost.

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A design method of slot-embedded industrial personal computer (IPC) system based on ARM9 is presented in this paper. This method includes the design of hardware structure and software management platform of the IPC system. The hardware structure, which includes PCI communication module, man-machine interface module, Ethernet communication module and CAN bus communication module, is addressed in detail. The Linux operating system is employed as the software management platform, and a dual-core structure is used to study its real-time performance. The proposed system has the merit of low cost, strong versatility, stable and friendly interface. It will be widely used in the field of industrial control.

Absorption refrigeration system is a nonlinear process with strong interactions among each working device. It is of practically significance to develop a accurate and reliable model for real-time optimization and performance monitoring of overall system. The hybrid modeling approach take advantages of both physical and empirical modeling approaches.The model is robust and gives a better match to real performance over the entire operating range.The hybrid model of absorption refrigeration system components (evaporator, condenser, heat exchanger etc.) are analyzed in the paper. The L-M method is used to identify the unknown parameters in the model, and lay the foundation for further optimization performance of system.

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