Aqueous Zn-ion batteries are plagued by a short lifespan caused by localized dendrites. High-concentration electrolytes are favorable for dense Zn deposition but have poor performance in batteries with glass-fiber separators. In contrast, low-concentration electrolytes can wet the separators well, ensuring the migration of zinc ions, but the dendrites grow rapidly. In this work, we propose an electrolyte gradient strategy wherein a zinc-ion concentration gradient is established from the anode to the separator, ensuring that the separator keeps a good wettability in low-concentration areas and the zinc anode achieves dendrite-free deposition in a high-concentration area. By using this strategy in a common electrolyte, zinc sulfate, a Zn||Zn symmetric cell achieves 14 000 ultralong cycles (exceeding 8 months) at 5 mA cm −2 and 1 mAh cm −2 . When the current is further increased to 20 mA cm −2 , the symmetric cell could still run for over 10 000 cycles. Assembled Zn||NVO full cells also demonstrate prominent performance. At a high current of 16 mA cm −2 , the NVO cathode with high loading (8 mg cm −2 ) still has a capacity of 58% after 1200 cycles. Overall, the gradient electrolyte strategy provides a promising approach for practical long-life Zn anodes with the advantages of simple operation and low cost.

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A design method of slot-embedded industrial personal computer (IPC) system based on ARM9 is presented in this paper. This method includes the design of hardware structure and software management platform of the IPC system. The hardware structure, which includes PCI communication module, man-machine interface module, Ethernet communication module and CAN bus communication module, is addressed in detail. The Linux operating system is employed as the software management platform, and a dual-core structure is used to study its real-time performance. The proposed system has the merit of low cost, strong versatility, stable and friendly interface. It will be widely used in the field of industrial control.

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In recent years, the LLC (inductor–inductor–capacitor) DC transformer has been widely used in communication and computer power supply because of its advantages of zero voltage conduction of primary switch and zero current turn off concerning the output rectifier diode. To obtain higher transmission efficiency and make the LLC DC transformer always run at the optimal operating point, the switching frequency of the LLC DC transformer should work at the resonance frequency of the circuit. In actual conditions, the optimal operating frequency of the LLC DC transformer will be changed due to the influences of the working condition on the circuit parameters and the load change. Therefore, the LLC DC transformer controlled by the fixed frequency mode will not be in the best working condition. In this paper, an adaptive frequency tracking method is used to control the circuit; when the circuit parameters change, the LLC DC transformer can always be in the best working state. Then, the influence of circuit parameters such as output power and excitation inductor on the optimal working point of the LLC DC transformer is analyzed in detail. Finally, a 1 kW LLC resonant converter prototype is designed under laboratory conditions to verify the feasibility of the control strategy.