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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) must be interrupted for reliable rhythm analysis in current automatic external defibrillators because of artifacts produced by chest compressions. However, interruptions in CPR adversely affect the restoration of spontaneous circulation and survival. Suppressing CPR artifacts by digital signal processing techniques is a promising method to enable rhythm analysis during chest compressions, which would eliminate CPR interruptions for rhythm analysis. Although numerous methods have been developed to suppress CPR artifacts, the accuracy of rhythm analysis is still inadequate due to the residual artifact components in the filtered signal. This study proposes an enhanced adaptive filtering method to suppress CPR artifacts. A total of 183 shockable and 453 nonshockable segments of ECG signal, together with CPR-related reference signal, were extracted from 233 out of hospital cardiac arrest patients. The method was optimized on a training set with 85 shockable and 211 nonshockable segments, and evaluated on a testing set with 98 shockable and 242 nonshockable segments. Compared with artifact corrupted ECG signals, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increased from -9.8 ± 12.5 to 11.2 ± 11.8 dB, and the accuracy was improved from 74.1% to 92.0% after filtering with the proposed method. Compared with the traditional adaptive filter, the SNR was improved by 1.7 dB and the accuracy was improved by 5.6 points. These results indicated that the proposed method could effectively suppress the chest compression related artifacts and improve the accuracy of rhythm analysis during uninterrupted CPR.

With the rapid development of high-speed railways, fault detection and diagnosis for traction transformers are more and more important, and the detection method with high accuracy is the key to assure the normal operation of the traction power supply system. A method based on kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and random forest (RF) is proposed to diagnose the traction transformer faults in this study. In this method, KPCA can obtain more fault characteristics in high-dimensional space through the non-linear transformation of the original data with dissolved gas analysis, and RF can utilise these characteristics to construct the classifier group. The experimental results show that the combination of KPCA and RF can effectively extract more characteristics of traction transformer faults to construct the classifiers with better performance, which contributes to the higher accuracy in traction transformer fault diagnosis and gets better anti-jamming performance.

Characteristics of earlier post-resuscitation EEG differed between cardiac and respiratory causes. Quantitative measures of EEG not only predicted neurological outcome and survival, but also have the potential to stratify CA with different causes.

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Hydrogen inhaling was superior to mild hypothermia for improving neurological outcome and survival in cardiac arrest and resuscitation model of systemic hypertension rats.