An integrated ethanol-methane fermentation coupled system characterized with full wastewater reutilization was proposed. The waste distillage originated from ethanol distillation was treated with anaerobic digestion and then recycled for medium preparation in the next ethanol fermentation run. This process could enhance wastewater reutilization, save fresh water and reduce energy consumption in the cassava-based ethanol production. The results indicated that, when using anaerobic effluents from the digestion process with only one tank, an ethanol concentration of 10.5% (v/v) compatible with that of conventional one could be achieved, but ethanol fermentation was partially inhibited and operation time gradually prolonged from 48 to 105 h. Using anaerobic effluents from the digestion process with two subsequently connected tanks, ethanol fermentation performance could be largely improved, and the fermentation lag could be completely eliminated. The performance enhancement was due to the concentrations reduction in organic acids, such as acetic and propionic acids in the digestion effluents using two digestion tanks in-series.

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This paper presents the design and fabrication of a vibration energy harvester based on giant magnetostrictive material, which consists of one coil-wound Terfenol-D rod with a Permanent Magnet (PM) and air gap in its each magnetic circuit, and the PM array on the part of cap amplifier. In this design, cap amplifiers and variable air-gap are used to increase harvesting effect of system under environmental impact. Modeling and simulation are developed and performed to validate the concept. Relation of magnetic field in Terfenol-D rod is derived, its uniformity and intensity are analyzed. Then, principal design parameters of the harvester, air gap and cap amplifiers are determined, and its static analysis of harvesting effect is performed. In addition, a prototype is fabricated and tested. The magnetostrictive-based vibration energy harvester can generate larger voltage and power than conventional smart harvesters, and they can be safely used under the impact up to 20-30 MPa.Index Terms-vibration energy harvester, magnetostrictive material, air-gap-adjustable structure

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