The oxygen in Fe3O4 nanoparticles was replaced by carbon and nitrogen from the graphitic carbon nitride fragments released from dicyandiamide condensation.
Background
Cefixime is a third-generation oral cephalosporin antibiotic widely used to treat bacterial infections. Typical methods for cefixime analysis use expensive instruments or sophisticated experimental procedures, and thus a sensitive and practical method is urgently needed for cefixime detection and analysis.
Objective
To develop a sensitive and robust cefixime “switch-on” sensor based on carbon quantum dots (CQDs).
Methods
In this study, black soya beans were used as an inexpensive carbon source for a “green” synthesis of fluorescent black soya bean (BS)-carbon quantum dots (CQDs). The fluorescence of these particles could be efficiently quenched by Ce(IV)due to the ground state recombination and electron transfer (ET) between Ce(IV)and BS-CQDs. In the presence of cefixime, the ET was interrupted and the fluorescent signal was recovered.
Results/Conclusions
This method showed high sensitivity and an impressively low detection limit of 169 nM.
Highlights
This low-cost, simple strategy for cefixime detection exhibits excellent stability, selectivity, and sensitivity. Moreover, it was successfully applied for the detection of cefixime in tablets and in a complex biological environment, confirming its great potential utility for drug analysis, biological process research, and clinical research.
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a prevalent arteriosclerotic vascular disease that forms a pathological basis for coronary heart disease, stroke, and other diseases. Inflammatory and oxidative stress responses occur throughout the development of AS. Treatment for AS over the past few decades has focused on administering high-intensity statins to reduce blood lipid levels, but these inevitably damage liver and kidney function over the long term. Natural medicines are widely used to prevent and treat AS in China because of their wide range of beneficial effects, low toxicity, and minimal side effects. We searched for relevant literature over the past 5 years in databases such as PubMed using the keywords, “atherosclerosis,” “traditional Chinese medicine,” “natural medicines,” “inflammation,” and “oxidative stress.” We found that the PI3K/AKT, TLR4, JAK/STAT, Nrf2, MAPK, and NF-κB are the most relevant inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways in AS. This review summarizes studies of the natural alkaloid, flavonoid, polyphenol, saponin, and quinone pathways through which natural medicines used to treat AS. This study aimed to update and summarize progress in understanding how natural medicines treat AS via inflammatory and oxidative stress-related signaling pathways. We also planned to create an information base for the development of novel drugs for future AS treatment.
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