No abstract

Epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) is a highly heterogeneous and malignant female cancer with an overall low survival rate. Mutations in p53 are prevalent in the major OC histotype, high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), while p53 mutations are much less frequent in other OC subtypes, particularly in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC). Advanced stage OCCC with wildtype (WT) p53 has a worse prognosis and increased drug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence than HGSOC. The mechanisms responsible for driving the aggressiveness of WT p53-expressing OC remain poorly understood. Here, we found that upregulation of MEX3A, a dual-function protein containing a RING finger domain and an RNA binding domain, was critical for tumorigenesis in WT p53-expressing OC. MEX3A overexpression enhanced the growth and clonogenicity of OCCC cell lines. In contrast, depletion of MEX3A in OCCC cells, as well as ovarian teratocarcinoma cells, reduced cell survival and proliferative ability. MEX3A depletion also inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival in orthotopic xenograft models. MEX3A depletion did not alter p53 mRNA level but did increase p53 protein stability. MEX3A-mediated p53 protein degradation was crucial to suppress ferroptosis and enhance tumorigenesis. Consistently, p53 knockdown reversed the effects of MEX3A depletion. Together, our observations identified MEX3A as an important oncogenic factor promoting tumorigenesis in OC cells expressing WT p53.

With the increasing crossover between quantum information and machine learning, quantum simulation of neural networks has drawn unprecedentedly strong attention, especially for the simulation of associative memory in Hopfield neural networks due to their wide applications and relatively simple structures that allow for easier mapping to the quantum regime. Quantum stochastic walk, a strikingly powerful tool to analyze quantum dynamics, has been recently proposed to simulate the firing pattern and associative memory with a dependence on Hamming Distance. We successfully map the theoretical scheme into a three-dimensional photonic quantum chip and realize quantum stochastic walk evolution through well-controlled detunings of the propagation constant. We demonstrate a good match rate of the associative memory between the experimental quantum scheme and the expected result for Hopfield neural networks. The ability of quantum simulation for an important feature of a neural network, combined with the scalability of our approach through low-loss integrated chip and straightforward Hamiltonian engineering, provides a primary but steady step towards photonic artificial intelligence devices for optimization and computation tasks of greatly improved efficiencies.

Full waveform data recording the reflected laser signal from ground objects have been provided by some commercial airborne LIDAR systems in the last few years. Waveform data enable users to explore more information and characteristics of the earth surface than conventional LIDAR point cloud. An important application is to extract extra point clouds from waveform data in addition to the point cloud generated by the online process of echo detection. Some difficult-to-detect points, which may be important to topographic mapping, can be rediscovered from waveform data. The motivation of this study is to explore weak and overlapped returns of a waveform. This paper presents a wavelet-based echo detection algorithm, which is compared with the zerocrossing detection method for evaluation. Some simulated waveforms deteriorated with different noises are made to test the limitations of the detector. The experimental results show that the wavelet-based detector outperformed the zero-crossing detector in both difficult-to-detect cases. The detector is also applied to a real waveform dataset. In addition to the total number of echoes provided by the instrument, the detector found 18% more of echoes. The proposed detector is significant in finding weak and overlapped returns from waveforms.

No abstract

We reveal by high‐throughput screening that activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1) is a novel pluripotent regulator in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The knockdown of ATF1 expression significantly up‐regulated neuroectoderm (NE) genes but not mesoderm, endoderm, and trophectoderm genes. Of note, down‐regulation or knockout of ATF1 with short hairpin RNA (shRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) was sufficient to up‐regulate sex‐determining region Y‐box (SOX)2 and paired box 6 (PAX6) expression under the undifferentiated or differentiated conditions, whereas overexpression of ATF1 suppressed NE differentiation. Endogenous ATF1 was spontaneously down‐regulated after d 1–3 of neural induction. By double‐knockdown experiments, up‐regulation of SOX2 was critical for the increase of PAX6 and SOX1 expression in shRNA targeting Atf1 hESCs. Using the luciferase reporter assay, we identified ATF1 as a negative transcriptional regulator of Sox2 gene expression. A novel function of ATF1 was discovered, and these findings contribute to a broader understanding of the very first steps in regulating NE differentiation in hESCs.—Yang, S.‐C, Liu, J.‐J., Wang, C.‐K., Lin, Y.‐T., Tsai, S.‐Y., Chen, W.‐J., Huang, W.‐K., Tu, P.‐W. A., Lin, Y.‐C, Chang, C.‐F., Cheng, C.‐L., Lin, H., Lai, C.‐Y., Lin, C.‐Y., Lee, Y.‐H., Chiu, Y.‐C., Hsu, C.‐C., Hsu, S.‐C., Hsiao, M., Schuyler, S. C., Lu, F. L., Lu, J. Down‐regulation of ATF1 leads to early neuroectoderm differentiation of human embryonic stem cells by increasing the expression level of SOX2. FASEB J. 33, 10577–10592 (2019). http://www.fasebj.org

We propose and demonstrate a facile approach for ultraviolet-visible broadband generation from a sapphire crystal core-borosilicate glass cladding hybrid fiber using a laser-heated pedestal growth technique. Considerable formation of F- and F(2)-type color emitters is effectively facilitated by Ti(4+) ions and Al(3+) vacancies, retaining efficient luminescence and high crystallinity of the sapphire core. These color centers intensify the ultraviolet, blue, and green emissions at 370, 450, and 540 nm, whereas the 650-nm red emission is contributed by Cr(3+) in the octahedral sites of the corundum structure. Over 1-mW white light with an optical-to-optical efficiency of up to nearly 5% and 1931 Commission International de l'Eclairage chromaticity coordinate of (0.287, 0.333) is achieved under 325-nm excitation.

<p>RNAseq: Gene expression fold-change between sh-MEX3A and sh-Ctrl</p>