Data on geographical and ecological distribution have been compiled lor the 95 species of crane flies found in two natural areas in northeastern Kansas, the Breidenthal Reserve and the Natural History Reservation of the University of Kansas. These distributions correlate well with various major plant communities, or with specific habitats. The ranges of several species are extended significantly westward. New records for species not previously recorded within 500 miles of Lawrence, Kansas, include: Nephrotoma alterna, Tipula (L.) perlongipes, Limonia (D.) haeretica, Dicranoptycha elsa, D. megaphallus, D. septemtrionis , Gonomyia (L.) manca, Ormosia arcuata, 0. in gloria, Tasiocera (D.) ursina and Molophilns pubipennis. Young, Chen-Wen. 1978. "Comparison of the crane flies (Diptera: Tipulidae) of two woodlands in eastern Kansas, with a key to the adult crane flies of eastern Kansas." The University of Kansas science bulletin 51, 407-440.
Two new species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi, 1924, Tipula (Vestiplex) leigongshanensis Men & Young, sp. n. and Tipula (Vestiplex) maoershanensis Men & Young, sp. n. are described and illustrated. Tipula (Vestiplex) bicalcarata Savchenko, 1965 is redescribed and illustrated based on additional morphological characters. Partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of these three species are provided. Pairwise genetic distances among two new species and related species, Tipula (Vestiplex) bicalcarata, Tipula (Vestiplex) coxitalis Alexander, 1935, and Tipula (Vestiplex) sternotuberculata Alexander, 1935 range from 0.028 to 0.091 using Kimura-2-parameter model. Diagnostic features of the sperm pump for taxonomic use are discussed.
Taiwanese species of the crane fly subgenus Antocha (Antocha) Osten Sacken, 1860, are reviewed. Antocha (Antocha) taiwanensis, new species, is described and figured. Previously known species, Antocha (A.) bifida Alexander, 1924a and Antocha (A.) styx Alexander, 1930 are redescribed and illustrated. Antocha (A.) javanensis Alexander, 1915 is removed from the list of Taiwanese crane flies. Antocha (A.) gracillima Alexander, 1924b and species close to Antocha (A.) streptocera Alexander, 1949 are listed for the first time in Taiwan. Identification key for all Taiwanese Antocha species is given.
The pupae of the Leptotarsus subgenera Limoniodes and Pehlkea are described, diagnosed, and illustrated for the first time from specimens collected in Ecuador. The pupa of Leptotarsus ( Longurio ) testaceus from eastern North America is redescribed, diagnosed, and illustrated. All three species were collected in aquatic to semiaquatic habitats.The pupal features common to these three species, and to described pupae from New Zealand and South African congeners, are listed and their distribution is discussed within the Tipulidae. Pupal characters indicate a basal position for these subgenera within the Tipulinae; however, none clearly supports the monophyly of Leptotarsus as currently classified. Gelhaus, Jon K and Young, Chen-Wen. 1995. "Pupae of the crane fly genus Leptotarsus (Diptera: Tipulidae) in the New World, with discussion of the monophyly of the genus." Annals of the Carnegie Museum 64(2), 135-145.
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