The trend of working mothers is not uncommon anymore, starting from a desire to improve the economic status of the families to the desire for self-actualization, combined with the increasing number of women with higher education. Malaysian women comprise 50% of the work force, and 70% of them are married working women (Sabil & Marican, 2010). Mother and child interaction is very important for the development of the child. Each of the working mothers' parenting style chosen must be appropriate for their children, in accordance with the dual responsibilities or roles that she is juggling with. A working mother who is not able to guide and give full attention to their children might have a negative impact on the child's developmental outcomes. Thus, this study aimed to look at the relationship between parenting satisfaction and parenting style of working mothers. This study was conducted with 62 working mothers in Sultan Idris Education University who work for an average of 15-32 hours per week. They were 22-40 years old with children under 15 years old. These mothers completed the Parenting Satisfaction Scale (PSS) as a measure of parenting satisfaction and the Parenting Style Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) to measure their parenting styles. The results of this study indicated that the working mothers tended to adopt the authoritative parenting style in their parenting practice, and the majority reported moderate level of parenting satisfaction. The results also showed there were differential relationships between parenting style and parenting satisfaction in the working mothers.
There is an increasing number of young smokers in Indonesia that has become a serious concern in recent years. Therefore, this study aimed to examine Indonesian adolescents' smoking based on related variables i.e. stress and self-esteem. Purposive random sampling was used in this study with a set inclusion criteria including male at age of 15 to 18 years old. A total of 106 students (54 smokers and 52 non smokers) from four senior high schools in Banda Aceh, Indonesian participated. The measures used were the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES).The result of this study founded that there were differences in stress and self-esteem level as well as certain parenting practices between smoking and non-smoking adolescents.
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