This study discusses what is, and what is not a valid and legal contract in Sharia, considering certain stipulated requirements for the acceptability of a contract. It then considers the legality of e-commerce, whether it complies with those stipulated requirements. Business under Islam primarily fulfils a collective religious obligation and fulfil an enlarged scope of responsibilities. In this context, the protection of the e-consumers, the status of an e-commerce transaction and responsible e-commerce are discussed to expose to those who are wondering whether e-commerce is admissible from the Sharia point of view. So that they could benefit from e-commerce if it is proved as an admitted fact in Islam. The final section concludes with a plea for good judgment toward corporate social responsibility practice and avoiding prohibited materials in e-commerce.
Letter of credit (L/C) has a massive role in expanding international trade operations. It is considered the most secure and stable banking service to finance foreign trade operations such as import and export. As an international contract, potential legal issues arise due to fraud practices. In this case, L/C users have to be aware of different approaches followed by domestic courts while dealing with fraud at the international level. This paper aims to identify the fraud means under the fraud rule governing L/C and its impact on Jordan's practice. By applying a qualitative and doctrinal legal approach, this paper analyses the lack of organization of the uniform customs and practice for the letter of credit (UCP No. 600). It also examines, via interviews with Jordanian judges, the perceptions of the Jordanian courts' policy regarding the fraud rule exception in L/C. The finding reveals that to protect the interests of all parties in a letter of credit transaction, Jordanian courts should extend the scope of fraud to cover sale contracts fraud in cases where bona fide holder is involved and when a confirming bank is absent, or when the credit amount has not been paid yet by the issuing bank. In respect of the bank practices, such special provisions implemented to commercial code must be issued due to the lack of legal provisions of the L/C in Jordan legislation.
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The constitution confers on the legislative arm of government impeachment power and prescribes when and how it should be exercised. Disputes arising from the exercise of this power are submitted to the courts for adjudication in line with their inherent powers. The issue of compliance with these constitutional requirements is a cause for concern as most of the impeachment proceedings conducted so far in Nigeria had been challenged in court for noncompliance. The question is, could this role played by the Nigerian courts ensure compliance? The objective of this paper is, therefore, to determine whether the courts could ensure compliance with the constitutional requirement for impeachment. In order to achieve the objective of this paper, doctrinal methodology is used whereby relevant materials were analyzed and conclusion made. The result showed that the role played by the courts cannot ensure compliance with the constitutional requirements because the courts only intervene after the conclusion of the exercise due to disrespect to court orders from the legislature. This is largely due to lack of specific role conferred on the courts in impeachment proceedings. It is, therefore, recommended that the constitution be amended to vest on the Supreme Court the specific role of ensuring that all the constitutional requirements for impeachment have been duly complied with before a public officer is removed.
For Muslims, all worldly deeds are equal to worship if they are performed in the way given by Allah (SWT). Every aspect of human life is recorded in the Muslim’s Holy book Al-Quran. The Muslim way of eating or trading is determined and governed by Islamic law. Allah (SWT) has ordained for Muslims all the permissible and forbidden worldly matters. The main purpose of this article is to discuss the impact of corporate social responsibility with halal food and halal food business in Bangladesh. Halal food is one of the most important elements of daily life of Muslims. This article focuses on what kind of steps a halal food business needs to take to protect the religious beliefs and obligations of Muslims. So that the supply of Bangladeshi halal food in the international market and halal quality of international consumers can be ensured.
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