The effects of sandblasting media and steam cleaning treatment after sandblast were examined on tensile bond strength of porcelain to titanium. The use of the commercially available silica-coated alumina particles for sandblast was significantly effective for increasing bond strength than the conventional alumina. It might be due to the increased surface roughness and existence of remaining silica on titanium surface. Additional application of the steam cleaning on titanium surface after sandblasting could make the surface configuration clear in SEM by removing some sandblasted particles loosely embedded in titanium as well as the debris and oily contaminants. The resultant bond strength was significantly improved to reach almost the maximum strength of this porcelain-titanium system regardless of the kind of sandblasting media used, which was confirmed by the observation of the failure mode showing that most of the fracture surface was occupied by cohesive failure in porcelain.
This study investigated the thermal injury and adhesion property of a novel electrosurgery of liver using copper-doped diamond-like carbon (DLC-Cu) surface treatment. It is necessary to reduce the thermal damage of surrounding tissues for clinical electrosurgeries. The surface morphologies of stainless steel (SS) coated with DLC (DLC-Cu-SS) films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Bionic liver models were reconstructed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to simulate electrosurgery. Cell cytotoxicity assays showed that the DLC-Cu thin film was nontoxic. The temperature of tissue decreased significantly with use of the electrosurgical device with nanostructured DLC-Cu films and increased with increasing thickness of the films. Thermography revealed that the surgical temperature in the DLC-Cu-SS electrosurgical device was significantly lower than that in the untreated device in the animal model. Moreover, compared to the SS electrosurgical device, the DLC-Cu-SS electrosurgical device caused a relatively small injury area and lateral thermal effect. The results indicate that the DLC-Cu-SS electrosurgical device decreases excessive thermal injury and ensures homogeneous temperature transformation in the tissues.
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