The potential cardio-protective property of germinated brown rice (GBR) has been revealed by ameliorating risk factors related to cardiovascular diseases. This study hypothesized that the combination of GBR and cardioplegic solution could protect the cardiomyocytes exposed to simulated ischemic reperfusion injury in vitro study and preserve cardiac function during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in animal models. Methods: Primary porcine cardiomyocytes were isolated and experimented cell viability against simulated ischemic reperfusion injury. In a cardiac surgical animal model, six pigs were randomly assigned to receive the two types of cardioplegic solution: i) St. Thomas cardioplegic solution (20 cc/kg); and ii) St. Thomas cardioplegic solution plus GBR (1 mg/ kg). During open-heart surgery, the aorta was cross-clamped for 20 minutes, followed by reperfusion for 1 hour. Cardiopulmonary bypass parameters were recorded until the end of the procedure. Furthermore, hemodynamic parameters and arterial blood gas characteristics of animals among groups were monitored at different time points, including baseline before cardiopulmonary bypass (T1), during cardiopulmonary bypass (T2), during aortic clamp on (T3), and aortic clamp off (T4). Results: Primarily, GBR cotreatment with cardioplegic solution essentially resulted in the improvement of cell viability in primary porcine cardiomyocytes against simulated ischemic reperfusion induction. The findings from cardiac surgery demonstrated that mean arterial pressure and heart rate are constantly stable in cardioplegic solution combined with the GBR group, while the trend of potassium and lactase concentration was decreased in the animals receiving GBR group. Consistently, all parameters from arterial blood gas showed better outcomes in animals receiving GBR; however, there were no statistically significant differences between groups, except hepatic enzymes. Conclusion: Therefore, GBR might exert cardio-protective effects against ischemic reperfusion injury in the porcine cardiac surgery model due to anti-inflammatory response. These protective actions of GBR may explain the benefits gained from applying GBR products as a possible therapeutic supplement on cardiac diseases.
This study aimed to identify the potential peptide candidates and expected proteins associated with MYBPC3-A74T gene mutations in Bengal cats and determine if peptidome profiles differ between healthy controls and cats with MYBPC3-A74T gene mutations. All animals were evaluated using echocardiography. DNA was isolated and followed by the screening test of MYBPC3 gene mutation. The MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was conducted for analyzing the targeted peptide and protein patterns. The expected protein candidates were searched for within the NCBI database. Our results demonstrated that the MYBPC3-A74T gene mutation was dominant in Bengal cats but not in domestic shorthair cats. Correlations between baseline characteristics and echocardiographic parameters were discovered in Bengal cats. Mass spectrometry profiles of the candidate proteins were suspected to accompany the cat with the MYBPC3-A74T gene mutation, involving integral protein–membrane, organization of nucleus, DNA replication, and ATP-binding protein. Therefore, MYBPC3-A74T gene mutations occur frequently in Bengal cat populations. The high incidence of homozygotes for the mutation supports the causal nature of the MYBPC3-A74T mutation. In addition, peptidomics analysis was established for the first time under this condition to promise a complementary technique for the future clinical diagnosis of the MYBPC3-A74T mutation associated with physiological variables and cardiac morphology in cats.
Pericardial mesothelioma is a rare malignancy tumor in dog. Due to an aggressive tumor and low survival rates, mesothelioma is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage. The objective of this clinical report is to highlight the characteristic of this malignancy tumor to help an early diagnosis and to improve the therapeutic outcomes of this neoplastic tumor. A 10-year-old crossbreed was referred to Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Kamphaengsaen for the evaluation of a history of abdominal distension, lethargy and weekness. During the physical examination, the dog was tachycardia and tachypnea. Ultrasonography imaging of spleen revealed an inhomogeneous appearance and thoracic radiograph showed cardiac enlargement. Electrocardigraphy examination revealed low voltage of QRS complex amplitude. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed a large pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade and masses were visualized in pericardial sac. Pericardiocentesis was immediately performed to alleviate the cardiac tamponade and cytologic examination was performed to identify the characteristic of pericardial effusion fluid. Clinical symptoms of acute kidney injury were progressed from the second visit including azotemia, hyponatraemia, hyperkalemia and anuria. The dog died about 2 days after admission in the critical care unit. Histopathological examination of the pericardial fluid and pericardial mass confirmed the diagnosis of pericardial mesothelioma. Mesothelioma should be considered in the diagnosis of pericardial effusion in dog. An early stage detection of pericardial mesothelioma may significantly reduction in mortality and allow for more beneficial treatment.
D irofilaria immitis is the most frequent parasite species affecting the lungs and heart in companion animals (Otranto and Deplazes, 2019; Genchi et al., 2011). Microfilariae that living in the heart and pulmonary arteries can be detected in the bloodstream of the infected animals (Dillon et al., 2007). Heartworm may cause respiratory and clinical signs such as cough, dyspnea, vomiting, and weight loss. Respiratory signs are often due to severe pulmonary thromboembolism and inflammatory response of the pulmonary parenchyma and vessels. Microfilaria infection can be observed through morphological identification of circulating microfilaria or specific serological test. Antigen testing is the routine diagnostic method in dogs. However, the laboratory diagnosis of heartworm disease case report Abstract | Heartworm disease is one of the most common mosquito-borne diseases in companion animals. Adulticide treatment is recommended for Dirofilaria infection in dogs. However, surgical removal of adult heartworms may be another treatment option for heartworm disease in dogs and cats when the adult heartworms are identified in the right side of the heart such as right atrium, right ventricle , and pulmonary artery. We report the case of one dog and one cat, where a mini-vascular snare was successfully used to remove the adult heartworms from the right ventricle. The dog and the cat had no history of heartworm prevention. The dog presented with a history of coughing, dyspnea, and right hind limb edema, and the cat presented with intermittent cough and vomiting. The patients were evaluated by parasitological investigation and echocardiography. Echocardiography demonstrated the adult heartworms in the right ventricle of the infected dog and cat. The patients underwent the surgical heartworm removal by passing a 4 mm mini-vascular snare through a catheter. The snare wire was guided by fluoroscopy to gently retract the heartworm toward the catheter. Blood analysis after surgical intervention revealed normal limits, including hepatic function. Echocardiography during the follow-up visits did not show complications associated with the intervention procedure, and the cat and dog showed improvements in respiratory signs after the surgical intervention. This study reported the use of a mini-vascular snare to remove adult heartworms in dogs and cats. The snare device offers another treatment option for heartworm disease in companion animals. This technique can immediately remove the adult heartworms and can be used as another treatment option to reduce the complications of the adulticide drugs in dogs. This study suggests that surgical intervention using a mini vascular snare device is not only a safe but efficient therapeutic method for heartworm removal in dogs and cats.
Heart rate variability is one of the assessments for cardiovascular risk during general anesthesia. The aims of this study were to assess the effects of an anesthetic drug on heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) in cats and to provide the information for clinical applications. Twenty-four healthy client-owned cats of various breeds, 12 females and 12 males scheduled for elective surgery, were enrolled in this study. The cats were premedicated and induced with 4 protocols: protocol 1, diazepam (0.3 mg/kg) and propofol (3 mg/kg); protocol 2, diazepam (0.3 mg/kg) and alfaxalone (3 mg/kg); protocol 3, diazepam (0.3 mg/kg) and ketamine (5 mg/kg); and protocol 4, xylazine (1 mg/kg) and tiletamine/zolazepam (Zoletil) (5 mg/kg). The heart rate and heart rate variability of the 24 cats were collected before and at least 1 hour after administering the anesthetic drugs. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate heart function. Doppler was used to obtain the mean blood pressure. After anesthetic drug administration, higher heart rates were found in cats premedicated and induced with alfaxalone (p = 0.045) than in the other protocols, and the lowest heart rate (HR) values were found in cats in protocol 4 using xylazine and Zoletil. The HRV low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) power ratios increase in all protocols except for cats premedicated and intubation with propofol. The standard deviation of the normal sinus beats (SDNN) was higher in cats premedicated and induced with ketamine than in other anesthetic protocols (p = 0.015). An increase in sympathetic activity and reduced heart rate variability is associated with high blood pressure and left atrial dimension. The percentage of fractional shortening (FS) decreased in cats premedicated with ketamine. This study demonstrated that an anesthetic protocol using diazepam and propofol preserved cardiovascular function and was safe to use for surgeries in cats.
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