The laws in Vietnam provide a framework within which one may judge the nature and type of health care-related discrimination to which people living with HIV (PLWHA) are subject. Despite the existence of stringent legislation protecting the rights of PLWHA, this study found that, in practice, PLWHA experienced significant structural discrimination in their daily lives. The discrimination experienced by PLWHA was exacerbated by the fact that, historically, HIV is associated with high-risk, marginalized groups such as drug users and sex workers. In the health care sector, discriminatory practices (for instance, refusal to treat), differential treatment and non-confidentiality were frequent. For the development of successful prevention and treatment strategies, a mutually desirable and equitable balance must be achieved between individual rights and needs and individual obligations to the broader society.
This study was the first to examine the potential of inoculation in televised political debates. The experiment confirmed the efficacy of inoculation in conferring resistance to the influence of counterattitudinal attack messages launched during debates. Inoculated participants with a preference toward a candidate were more resistant than the control group to the opposing candidate's counterattitudinal attacks. The study also explored the potential of inoculation to strengthen receivers' normative attitudes, reducing potentially harmful effects of candidate attacks on participatory behaviors, but no significant differences were observed. This null finding implies that candidate attacks launched during debates are less likely to be perceived as unwarranted and may afford less normative utility in political debates.
This study was the first to examine the potential of inoculation in televised political debates. The experiment confirmed the efficacy of inoculation in conferring resistance to the influence of counterattitudinal attack messages launched during debates. Inoculated participants with a preference toward a candidate were more resistant than the control group to the opposing candidate's counterattitudinal attacks. The study also explored the potential of inoculation to strengthen receivers' normative attitudes, reducing potentially harmful effects of candidate attacks on participatory behaviors, but no significant differences were observed. This null finding implies that candidate attacks launched during debates are less likely to be perceived as unwarranted and may afford less normative utility in political debates.
This investigation compared the traditional explanation for the way inoculation confers resistance to influence with an alternative rationale for resistance based on attitude accessibility. Four hundred forty-three participants took part in the investigation in four phases spanning 54 days. The combined multiple regression and structural equation modeling results suggest that the traditional and alternative explanations for the way that inoculation confers resistance involve separate processes; counterarguing and accessibility appear to be distinct tracks en route to resistance, but the two explanations also are overlapping processes in which elicited threat plays an integral role.
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