An organic-inorganic hybrid material, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-SiO2 (SiO2 content of 72 wt%), was prepared by incorporating PMMA structure units covalently into an SiO2 glass network via the sol-gel approach. The hybrid sol-gel material PMMA-SiO2 was subsequently used as the solid powder component of bone cement and its mechanical properties were evaluated. The effects of the addition of tricalcium phosphate (TCP), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) on the properties of the sol-gel hybrid bone cement were also investigated. The influence of these components on the temperature rise during polymerization was discussed. It was found that the new bone cement containing PMMA-SiO2 hybrid sol-gel material had higher modulus than that of Simplex-P bone cement. The addition of TCP in the new bone cement increased the Young's modulus and the polymerization time; the inverse was observed for the tensile, bending, and compressive strengths, and the polymerization temperature. The addition of HEMA and EGDMA in the new bone cement had the opposite effect of TCP. The comparison between the new sol-gel bone cement and the commercial Simplex P bone cement was discussed.
An organic-inorganic hybrid material, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-SiO 2 (SiO 2 content of 72 wt%), was prepared by incorporating PMMA structure units covalently into an SiO 2 glass network via the sol-gel approach. The hybrid sol-gel material PMMA-SiO 2 was subsequently used as the solid powder component of bone cement and its mechanical properties were evaluated. The effects of the addition of tricalcium phosphate (TCP), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EG-DMA) on the properties of the sol-gel hybrid bone cement were also investigated. The influence of these components on the temperature rise during polymerization was discussed. It was found that the new bone cement containing PMMA-SiO 2 hybrid sol-gel material had higher modulus than that of Simplex-P bone cement. The addition of TCP in the new bone cement increased the Young's modulus and the polymerization time; the inverse was observed for the tensile, bending, and compressive strengths, and the polymerization temperature. The addition of HEMA and EGDMA in the new bone cement had the opposite effect of TCP. The comparison between the new sol-gel bone cement and the commercial Simplex P bone cement was discussed.
The effects of the addition of tricalcium phosphate (TCP), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) on the properties of standard surgical Simplex-P radiopaque bone cement have been investigated. The fracture surface after tensile test was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The influence of these components on the temperature rise during polymerization was investigated. It was found that the tensile strength, the bending strength, and the compressive strength decreased with increasing TCP content, whereas the inverse was observed for the Young's modulus. The tensile strength slightly increased with increasing HEMA content and then it levelled off when the HEMA content was higher than 15 wt.-%. It seemed that there were maximum tensile, bending and compressive strengths when 2 wt.-% EGDMA (in HEMA) was added. Polymerization occurred more rapidly when HEMA and EGDMA were added, whereas the inverse result was found with TCP. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG:Der EinfluB einer Beimischung von Tricalciumphosphat (TCP), Hydroxyethylmethacrylat (HEMA) und Ethylenglycoldimethacrylat (EGDMA) auf die Eigenschaften eines chirurgischen Knochenzements wurde untersucht. Die in Zugversuchen entstandenen Bruchflachen wurden mittels Rasterelektronenmikroskopie charakterisiert. Der EinfluB der Additive auf den Temperaturanstieg wahrend der Polymerisation wurde gepriift. Zug-, Biege-und Druckfestigkeit des ausgeharteten Zements nahmen mit zunehmendem TCP-Gehalt ab, der Elastizitatsmodul stieg dagegen an. Die Zugfestigkeit nahm mit steigendem HEMA-Gehalt geringfugig zu und blieb oberhalb 15 Gew.-% HEMA konstant. Zug-, Biege-und Druckfestigkeit zeigten bei einem EGDMA-Gehalt von 2 Gew.-% (in HEMA) ein Maximum.HEMA und EGDMA beschleunigten die Polymerisation, wogegen TCP retardierend wirkte.
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