Dichlorodicarbonylbis (triphenylphosphine) ruthenium (II), RuCl2 (CO)2 (PPh3)2, was investigated as a catalyst for edible oil hydrogenation in a preliminary screening of potential catalysts for producing partially hydrogenated fats with lowtrans‐isomer content. Refined, bleached and deodorized canola oil was hydrogenated using 1.77 × 10−5 − 6.64 × 10−4 mol/kg‐oil of ruthenium catalyst equivalent to 1.79 × 10−4 − 6.71 × 10−3 wt% Ru. The effects of temperature (50–180 C) and pressure (50–750 psig) on reaction rate,trans‐isomer content and fatty acid composition were examined. The activities of RuCl2 (CO)2 (PPh3)2 and nickel (Nysel HK‐4 and AOCS standard nickel catalyst) were compared on a molar basis. At 4.40 × 10−4 mol/kg‐oil (0.0026 wt/Ni or 0.0044 wt% Ru), 140 C and 50 psig, the nickel catalysts were completely inactive, but the ruthenium catalyst produced an IV drop of 40 units in 60 min. At 110 C, 750 psig and 1.34 × 10−4 mol/kg‐oil (1.35 × 10−3 wt% Ru), a hydrogenation rate of 0.89 ΔIV/min and a maximumtrans‐isomer content of 10.4% (IV=45.0) was obtained with the ruthenium catalyst.
Cyclopropane derivatives Q 0021 General and User-Friendly Protocol for the Synthesis of Functionalized Aryl-and Heteroaryl-cyclopropanes by Negishi Cross-Coupling Reactions. -An efficient protocol is developed with use of cyclopropylzinc bromide, which is stable and easily prepared by Riecke active zinc technology. -(COLERIDGE, B. M.; BELLO, C. S.; LEITNER*, A.; Tetrahedron Lett. 50 (2009) 31, 4475-4477; BASF Corp., Evans City, PA 16033, USA; Eng.) -Mais 46-052
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