Homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of canola oil using a ruthenium catalyst

Abstract

Dichlorodicarbonylbis (triphenylphosphine) ruthenium (II), RuCl2 (CO)2 (PPh3)2, was investigated as a catalyst for edible oil hydrogenation in a preliminary screening of potential catalysts for producing partially hydrogenated fats with lowtrans‐isomer content. Refined, bleached and deodorized canola oil was hydrogenated using 1.77 × 10−5 − 6.64 × 10−4 mol/kg‐oil of ruthenium catalyst equivalent to 1.79 × 10−4 − 6.71 × 10−3 wt% Ru. The effects of temperature (50–180 C) and pressure (50–750 psig) on reaction rate,trans‐isomer content and fatty acid composition were examined. The activities of RuCl2 (CO)2 (PPh3)2 and nickel (Nysel HK‐4 and AOCS standard nickel catalyst) were compared on a molar basis. At 4.40 × 10−4 mol/kg‐oil (0.0026 wt/Ni or 0.0044 wt% Ru), 140 C and 50 psig, the nickel catalysts were completely inactive, but the ruthenium catalyst produced an IV drop of 40 units in 60 min. At 110 C, 750 psig and 1.34 × 10−4 mol/kg‐oil (1.35 × 10−3 wt% Ru), a hydrogenation rate of 0.89 ΔIV/min and a maximumtrans‐isomer content of 10.4% (IV=45.0) was obtained with the ruthenium catalyst.

Canola and Rapeseed

“…RuCI 2 (C0)iPPh 3 )2' Dichlorodicarbonylbis (triphenylphosphine) ruthenium (II), catalyzed hydrogenation of canol a oil was studied for effects of temperature, pressure, catalyst concentration on activity, selectivity, and product distribution and compared with that of the AOCS and a commercial catalyst (Bello et al 1985). An increase in pressure from 50 to 600 psi increased the average activity during the first 15 min from 0.55 to 4.0 as expressed AIV/min.…”

“…Homogeneous ruthenium catalysts showed extremely high activity and fairly good selectivity as well as minimal formation of trans-isomers. The major drawbacks of these catalysts are their low linoleate selectivity and filterability (Bello et al 1985). However, they may be excellent continuous hydrogenation catalysts if immobilized on a support.…”

Catalytic Activity of Ruthenium Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotubes for Hydrogenation of Soybean Oil

“…Noble-metal catalysts are not often used due to their high cost. However, it was previously demonstrated that, under certain conditions, the Ru(II) catalyst has improved activity and cis selectivity compared with traditional heterogeneous Ni catalysts [6,7]. Use of Ru as a hydrogenation catalyst has been reported [8,9]; however, no reports have been published on the activity and selectivity in hydrogenation of vegetable oils with Ru 0 catalysts loaded onto MCNTs.…”

Synthesis of molybdenum-based catalysts on carbon support for partial hydrogenation reaction of biodiesel

“…Behr A et al [24] reported that using Na 2 CO 3 and Na 2 PdCl 2 catalysts for the hydrogenation of sunflower oil, with homogeneous selectivity of cis-C18:1 up to 93%. Moreover, Ru (II) catalyst was used for hydrogenation reaction, which can promote the activity and the selectivity of cis-isomer compared to solid catalyst Ni [25]. Another way, the hydrogenation reaction using heterogeneous catalysts, which promoted the molecules of hydrogen and double bond of FAME to adsorb on the catalyst surface.…”