Background The January 2010 Haiti earthquake destroyed the National Blood Transfusion Center and reduced monthly national blood collections by > 46%. Efforts to rapidly scale-up blood collections outside of the earthquake-affected region were investigated. Study Design and Methods Blood collection data for 2004–2014 from Haiti’s 10 administrative departments were grouped into four regions: Northern, Central, Port-au-Prince and Southern. Analyses compared regional collection totals during the study period. Results Collections in Port-au-Prince accounted for 52% of Haiti’s blood supply in 2009, but fell 96% in February 2010. Haiti subsequently increased blood collections in the North, Central and Southern regions to compensate. By May 2010, national blood collections were only 10·9% lower than in May 2009, with 70% of collections coming from outside of Port-au-Prince. By 2013 national collections (27 478 units) had surpassed 2009 levels by 30%, and Port-au-Prince collections had recovered (from 11 074 units in 2009 to 11 670 units in 2013). Conclusion Haiti’s National Blood Safety Program managed a rapid expansion of collections outside of Port-au-Prince following the earthquake. Annual collections exceeded pre-earthquake levels by 2012 and continued rising annually. Increased regional collections provided a greater share of the national blood supply, reducing dependence on Port-au-Prince for collections.
Background: Hypertension remains the global challenge and the leading causes of worse cardiovascular event with 7.5 million toll deaths. The 2010 WHO estimate was 1.3 billion representing 31.1% of all adults with an astounding increase in low and middle-income countries including Sab-Saharan Africa.Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken in two beverage industrial workplaces with a sample of 440 employees and their spouses during the period of 2016 to 2018. WHO stepwise questionnaire was used to collect data and biomedical samples were taken for predicting the 10-year cardiovascular risk by Cox regression model and multivariate logistic regression was run to determine the key factors associated with both Hypertension (HTN) classifiers. The data were coded and analyzed by SPSS 16.0 version.Results: Overall HTN prevalence was 32.27%, male with 37.8% and female with 25.2% by previous HTN classifier. Whereas the updated classifier showed an overall prevalence of 61.81%, male with 67.1% and female with 55%. The findings showed a huge difference of 29.54% with p<0.001 between the two prevalence of previous and updated blood pressure classification. Employees had a relatively high HTN prevalence of 35.92% to 65.18%, compared to the spouses with 26.47% to 56.47%, p<0.001 by previous and updated classification, respectively.Conclusions: The relatively rise prevalence of the HTN revealed by this study suggests new and combining health promotion tactics, cultural theories to fight this rampant silent killer.
Hypertension remains a prominent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. It is not a coincidence that 23% to 30% of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) confirmed cases are hypertensive patients, and the case-fatality rate of adult COVID-19 cases with hypertension was estimated at 6%. It is important that hypertensive patients be aware of their vulnerability to COVID-19, which may be achieved by a health promotion program in addition to preventive measures.
At the end of December 2019, the Chinese public health authorities reported several cases of acute respiratory syndrome in Wuhan City, Hubei province, China. Chinese scientists soon identified a novel coronavirus as the main causative agent. The disease is now referred to as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the causative virus is called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The COVID-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 12th, 2020. COVID-19 propagates quickly and threatens the population at large; around 20% of affected populations have presented severe forms of the diseases. In China approximately ~5% cases became critical patients in need of admission to intensive-care units. The need for intensive care has led to unprecedented overcrowding in hospitals, with catastrophic situations witnessed in Italy and other countries. The highest mortality rates have been witnessed amongst the elderly with several comorbidities. In this viewpoint we draw lessons from the implementation of population containment measures, vulnerable people protection and relevant public health pillars in China. We then discuss how these lessons can or cannot be applied to other settings.
Background: Dialysis is a treatment of choice to alleviate severe complications of end-stage renal disease. Renal failure is the most prevalent worldwide among diabetic, hypertensive, and where infective diseases are frequent. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of patients having three standard dialysis sessions weekly at University Teaching hospital of Butare dialysis centre from June 2013 to June 2014.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study used routine hospital data from university teaching hospital of Butare dialysis unit and its size were 110 patients who fulfilled the study inclusion criteria. Secondary data were collected using a checklist with different variables like age, sex, profession, health insurances, acute renal failure, chronic renal failure, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glomerular disease sepsis, severe dehydration, frequency of dialysis per week and outcomes like renal recovery, death, stopping treatment and being referred. Data were analysed using SPSS software.Results: The findings showed that 40.9% of patients received three or above dialysis sessions per week and 59.1% of patients received less than three sessions per week.Conclusions: The study concluded on inadequacy dialysis treatment and recommended further studies to explore more about this inadequacy.
The culture treason theory (CTT) is a cultural and behavior changes theory that explains all negative conscious and unconscious barriers, resistance, frustrations, moral pains felt by the person when he/she might adopt new culture (in a broad sense) or behavior. The conflict of new and existing behavior (in a narrow sense) in the mind of the person creates doubt and confusion. This theory development used the grounded theory process through ontological constructionism and epistemological interpretivism. The right appraisal of the CTT determines reasons for barriers, health-related issues' root causes, and the right strategies to use. Hence, it can help to predict the behavior adoption time.
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the world leading causes of death in non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study is to predict cardiovascular risk and compare two prediction models.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 440 sample size of beverage industrial participants. The 10-year prediction was processed by World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) score chart and Framingham general risk score. WHO stepwise questionnaire and biomedical forms was used. Data was collected and analyzed by SPSS 16.0 version.Results: The overall CVD low risk prediction (<10%) by Framingham general risk score (FGRS) and WHO/ISH score chart was 74.5%, 95.4%, respectively while the CVD elevated risk (≥10%) was 25.5%, 4.6%, respectively. Gender CVD risk (≥10%) was 16.1% of male versus 9.3% of female by FGRS while 2.7% of male versus 1.5% of female classified by WHO/ISH. CVD risk increases in both of the models with age but very much in FGRS. 8.4% of employees versus 5.2% of spouses was classified as having the risk of 10-20% by FGRS while WHO/ISH classified 2.5% of employees and 0.9% of spouses as having the risk of 10-20%. FGRS classified 11.7% of all participant as having the risk above 20% while WHO/ISH classified only 1% as having the risk above 20%. Two model’s kappa agreement level was fair or minimal interrater reliability with 0.25 with p value <0.001 and the correlated receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve of FGRS and WHO/ISH of 0.887 area under the curve (AUC), 0.847AUC all with a p value <0.001, respectively.Conclusions: FGRS predicted more risk in participants than WHO/ISH and was with minimal kappa agreement.
chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a recognized global public health problem whose effects are felt across different socioeconomic. It directly resulted in an estimated 1.23 million deaths in 2017. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors with chronic kidney disease. The study was conducted under a cross-sectional study design. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was applied to collect data. This study included 87 study respondents using Yamane formula. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the study respondents. The study data collected considered the timeframe from January to March 2023. Data were entered into SPSS, coded, recorded, and analysed in SPSS version 29 was used. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were conducted to analyse the sociodemographic characteristics, and factors associated with CKD. The significance level was set to 95% CI and a P value less than 0.05. A total of 87 inpatients in the medical ward were included in this study, the prevalence of CKD in Kigali City selected hospitals was 20%. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and malaria antecedent were significantly associated with CKD with AoR:11.264 (2.642-18.546); 6.215(3.112-22.543); 4.112(1.724-14.254) and p<0.001. Acute kidney disease, over-the-counter medication, and longer sickness period) were also significant with p<0.05. This study concluded that hypertension and diabetes are the key factors that are associated with chronic kidney disease. Therefore, this study suggests the Ministry of Health in Rwanda and international partners to increase health education/health promotion intervention by health workers for kidney protection and decrease the risk of developing serious CKD. The interventions should be oriented to non-communicable diseases prevention within a prepared periodic campaign through media, seminars, and workshops by the healthcare providers and patients who are involved.
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