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BackgroundPast research on the association between insomnia and suicidal ideation (SI) has produced mixed findings. The current study explored the relationship between insomnia, SI, and past-year mental health status among a large Canadian Forces (CF) sample.MethodData was obtained from the 2013 Canadian Forces Mental Health Survey (CFMHS), and included a large representative sample of Canadian Regular Forces personnel (N = 6700). A series of univariate logistic regressions were conducted to test individual associations between past-year mental health status, insomnia, and potential confounds and SI. Mental health status included three groups: 0, 1, or two or more probable diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD) and alcohol abuse/dependence. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between insomnia and SI with mental health status as a moderator.Results40.8% of respondents reported experiencing insomnia. Both insomnia and number of mental health conditions incrementally increased the risk of SI. However, past-year mental health status was a significant moderator of this relationship, such that for CF personnel with either no (AOR = 1.61, 1.37–1.89) or only one past-year mental health condition (AOR = 1.39, 1.12–1.73), an incremental increase in insomnia was associated with an increased likelihood of SI. However, in personnel with two or more past-year mental health disorders, insomnia was no longer significantly associated with SI (AOR = 1.04, 0.81–1.33).ConclusionsInsomnia significantly increased the odds of SI, but only among individuals with no or one mental health condition. Findings highlight the importance of assessing insomnia among CF members in order to further suicide prevention efforts.

In the previous paper we had developed a general thermodynamic equation describing a polymethylmethacrylate implant at the site of giant cell tumors. In this paper we consider various characteristics of bone and methylmethacrylate crucial to the analysis such as thermal conductivity, specific heat, density, and heat generation. Also, an estimation of the temperature at which adjacent cells die is analyzed from literature. Finally, using the physical constants measured in laboratory situations a temperature profile is developed at various depths of bone that could facilitate predicting the zone of necrosis. These analyses show the maximum temperature attained in the acrylic cement-bone system depends primarily on the volume of the implant, the relative proportion of polymerization of the monomer, the temperature at which the monomer and polymer are mixed together, and the time lapse between the beginning of polymerization and implantation into the bone cavity. The temperature profile is shown to be relatively insensitive to the geometry of the system, greatly simplifying the analysis.

As moral injury is a still‐emerging concept within the area of military mental health, prevalence estimates for moral injury and its precursor, potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs), remain unknown for many of the world's militaries. The present study sought to estimate the prevalence of PMIEs in the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF), using data collected from CAF personnel deployed to Afghanistan, via logistic regressions controlling for relevant sociodemographic, military, and deployment characteristics. Analyses revealed that over 65% of CAF members reported exposure to at least one event that would be considered a PMIE. The most commonly PMIEs individuals reported included seeing ill or injured women and children they were unable to help (48.4%), being unable to distinguish between combatants and noncombatants (43.6%), and finding themselves in a threatening situation where they were unable to respond due to the rules of engagement under which they were required to operate (35.4%). These findings provide support for both the presence of exposure to PMIEs in CAF members and the need for formal longitudinal data collection regarding PMIE exposure and moral injury development.

The effects of substitute adult male role-models were examined for 60 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 years. Significant mean differences were found on Depression, Hypochondriasis, and Suspiciousness scales of the MMPI and Guilt and Assaultiveness of the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. Interpretation of scores showed that fatherless boys who had substitute male role-models were similar in personality to boys with fathers. Adolescent boys without fathers and from lower socioeconomic families were significantly more similar in personality to young offenders.

The present study examined the Adult Needs and Strengths Assessment-Abbreviated Referral Version ratings for a group of 272 incoming psychiatric patients over a 2-yr. period to assess whether the rating scale was useful in predicting clinical placement for psychiatric treatment. Participants were patients (125 women) admitted to Regional Mental Health Care, St. Thomas, Canada between April 2004 and June 2006. Most participants were Euro-Canadian and ranged in age from 16 to 87 years. Clinical cutoff scores were established using observed mean differences in the patients' total scores and are expected to help guide psychiatric triage and longer term rehabilitation placement decisions. A canonical discriminant function analysis showed 85.9% of original level of care placements were correctly classified. The rating scale is a valid and reliable tool to specify level of psychiatric care needed for adults with mental disorders.

A discussion of the thermodynamic aspects of a relatively new treatment method for giant cell tumors of the bone is presented in this paper. The advantages of implanting methylmethacrylate acrylic bone cement into a curetted tumor site are briefly discussed and placed in perspective relative to more prevalent surgical treatments. As the bone cement self-heats while curing, the possibility of heat necrosis in the bone exists. However, the damage due to heat may be beneficial in reducing the rate of tumor recurrence. A thermodynamic consideration of the treatment situation appears to be warranted. After a general introduction and a brief literature review, the theoretical thermodynamic equations are developed. Once the basic equations for the heat transfer from the cement or the bone are derived, there is then a discussion of the various characteristics of bone and methylmethacrylate crucial to the analysis, such as, thermal conductivity, specific heat, density, and heat generation parameters. Finally, in order to reduce the theory to a form which may be used practically, the equations derived are written in terms of finite-difference equations, which approximate them numerically. Different equations are written for each type of heat transfer condition encountered in the cement-bone system as spacial variances in material and geometry occur. The equations derived may be used to model the system allowing one to predict the time-dependent temperature distribution in bone during the curing of acrylic cement. Using computer techniques to reduce the equations obtained from this analysis, and knowing the temperature at which adjacent cells die, a zone of necrosis may be mapped surrounding the acrylic impact.