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Highlights We present results from an ethnographic study on Venezuelan migrants’ access to healthcare in seven Latin American cities. COVID-19 has worsened conditions of informality and health inequities for Venezuelan migrants. The main obstacles to healthcare access are legal, financial, and relating to discrimination and information asymmetry. Migrants rely on alternative care, such as telemedicine, extralegal doctors, and pharmacies.

This paper examines the variability of workers' earnings in Canada over the period 1982-2006. We decompose the total variance of workers' earnings into a 'permanent' component between workers and a 'transitory' earnings instability component over time for given workers. We then investigate the statistical relationships between these components and indicators for the business cycle. The most marked change in earnings variances in Canada since 1982 is the general rise in total earnings variance, which is essentially driven by a quite dramatic rise in long-run earnings inequality. The patterns across age categories of the two variance components are almost opposite. Long-run earnings inequality generally rises with age, but earnings instability is seen to generally decline with age, so that earnings instability is markedly highest among entry age workers. Unemployment rate effects are positive on almost all variance measures, while higher unemployment is associated with widened long-run earnings differentials and greater short-run earnings instability. Copyright 2010 The Authors. Review of Income and Wealth 2010 International Association for Research in Income and Wealth.