Cochran, Bobby and Charles Logue, 2011. A Watershed Approach to Improve Water Quality: Case Study of Clean Water Services’ Tualatin River Program. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(1):29‐38. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00491.x Abstract:  Over the last five years, Clean Water Services developed and implemented a program to offset thermal load discharged from its wastewater facilities to the Tualatin River by planting trees to shade streams and augmenting summertime instream flows. The program has overcome challenges facing many of the nation’s water quality trading programs to not only gain consensus on the frameworks needed to authorize trading, but also provide a broad range of ecosystem services. This paper compares the Tualatin case study with some of the commonly cited factors of successful trading programs.

Collection system and nonchlorinated secondary effluent samples from a large municipal wastewater system were fractionated using a scheme that included filtration, EDTA treatment, CIS solid-phase extraction columns, and air stripping. Microtox required less time than Ceriodaphnia dubia bioassay for determining the toxicity of the numerous test samples generated by the fractionation procedure. Its usefulness was limited to collection system samples, however. Secondary effluent samples, which caused significant mortality of C. dubia, were nontoxic to Microtox. Diazinon was tentatively identified as one of the causative toxicants present. Its LCso to C. dubia (0.5 pg/L) is within the range of concentrations detected (0.1-0.6 pg/L), whereas the ECSo of diazinon to Microtox is much higher (>18,000 pg/L).

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