This study showed that significant improvement in healing outcomes could be achieved by the use of BMC containing MSC as an adjunct therapy in standard of care rotator cuff repair. Furthermore, our study showed a substantial improvement in the level of tendon integrity present at the ten-year milestone between the MSC-treated group and the control patients. These results support the use of bone marrow-derived MSC augmentation in rotator cuff repair, especially due to the enhanced rate of healing and the reduced number of re-tears observed over time in the MSC-treated patients.

Core decompression with bone marrow injection improved the outcome of the disease as compared with core decompression alone in the same patient.

In normal human donors, bone marrow aspiration from 30 patients demonstrated a reduced mesenchymal stem cell number in aspirates obtained using a larger volume syringe (50 ml) as compared with a smaller volume syringe (10 ml).

Objective. The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) of the knee joint has an inflammatory phenotype in osteoarthritis (OA). Its close proximity to the synovial membrane suggests that the IFP could be involved in the induction of OA synovitis. This study was undertaken to investigate the response of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) to autologous IFP and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) from patients with severe knee OA.Methods. Samples of IFP, SCAT, and autologous synovial membrane tissue close to the IFP were harvested during surgery from 28 patients with end-stage knee OA. FLS from 14 patients were stimulated with autologous IFP-or SCAT-conditioned medium, and levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and protein release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, secretory phospholipase A 2 (sPLA 2 ), cytosolic PLA 2 , cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), microsomal prostaglandin E synthase, prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 1, 3, 9, and 13 were evaluated. Both IFP-and SCAT-conditioned medium were evaluated by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay for secretion of IL-6, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor ␣ (TNF␣), PGE 2 , IL-1␤, and interferon-␥. In addition, OA FLS were treated with PGE 2 receptor antagonists to evaluate the contribution of IFP-derived PGE 2 to the inflammatory response of FLS to the IFP.Results. Stimulation of OA FLS with IFPconditioned medium induced the mRNA expression and protein release of IL-6, IL-8, sPLA 2 , COX-2, PGE 2 , and MMPs 1, 3, 9, and 13. The extent of stimulation was consistently stronger with IFP-conditioned medium than with SCAT-conditioned medium. Moreover, secretion of IL-6, sIL-6R, IL-8, TNF␣, and PGE 2 was greater in IFP-conditioned medium than in SCAT-conditioned medium, especially PGE 2 , whose secretion was 75-fold stronger in IFP-conditioned medium (P < 0.0001). PGE 2 receptor antagonists dose-dependently inhibited the release of IL-6, IL-8, and PGE 2 by IFP-stimulated FLS.Conclusion. This study showed that the IFP has a potential role in the induction of synovial inflammation in patients with severe knee OA. Furthermore, secretion of PGE 2 by the IFP may be involved in the OA inflammatory process.

IFP but also SPFP and AFP (gathered under the term 'IAAT') may play a deleterious role in OA by affecting joint homeostasis because of their inflammatory phenotype and their close interaction with synovium in the same functional unit.