SummaryThe geometrical structure of fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) impacts on its biological function. In this report, we demonstrate a new algorithm designed to extract quantitative structural information about individual collagen fibres (orientation, length and diameter) from 3D backscattered-light confocal images of collagen gels. The computed quantitative data allowed us to create surface-rendered 3D images of the investigated sample.
We study global routing of multiterminal nets. We propose a new global router: each step consists of finding a tree, called a Steiner min-max tree, that is a Steiner tree with maximum-weight edge minimized (real vertices represent channels containing terminals of a net, Steiner vertices represent intermediate channels, and weights correspond to densities). We propose an 0 (min { e loglog e, n* } ) time algorithm for obtaining a Steiner min-max tree in a weighted graph with e edges and n vertices (this result should be contrasted with the NP-completeness of the traditional minimum-length Steiner tree problem). Experimental results on difficult examples, on randomly generated data, on master slice chips, and on benchmark examples from the Physical Design Workshop are included.
As feature sizes shrink, it will be necessary to use AAPSM (Alternating-Aperture Phase Shift Masking) to image critical features, especially on the polysilicon layer. This imposes additional constraints on the layouts beyond traditional design rules. Of particular note is the requirement that all critical features be flanked by opposite-phase shifters, while the obey minimum width and spacing requirements. A layout is called phase-assignable if it satisfies this requirement. If a layout is not phase-assignable, the phase conflicts have to be removed to enable the use of AAPSM for the layout. Previous has sought to detect a suitable set of phase Conflicts to be removed, as well as correct them 5,6, The contributions of this paper are the following: (1) a new approach to detect a minimal set of phase conflicts (also referred to as AAPSM conflicts), which when corrected will produce a phaseassignable layout; (2) a layout modification scheme for correcting these AAPSM conflicts. The proposed approach for conflict detection shows significant improvements in the quality of results and runtime for real industrial circuits, when compared to previous methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time layout modification results are presented for bright-field AAPSM. Our experiments show that the percentage area increase for making a layout phase-assignable ranges from
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