In this work, we establish a definitive structural model for lithium- and manganese-rich transition metal oxides and demonstrate the effect of composition on their bulk as well as the surface structure.
The increasing sophistication and functionality of mobile devices coupled with the human dependence for the devices leads to a strong demand for high performance batteries. Over the years, improvements in battery performance have taken place with minor enhancements resulting from improvement in cell design such as increasing the active material content, increasing the electrode density and reducing the weight and thickness of the inactive cell components. Further improvements by cell optimization are quickly reaching their limits creating a shift in focus to new active electrode material that are expected to result in the next leap in cell performance. In this work, Cobalt-Rich Composite (CRC) cathodes have been developed by modifying standard low voltage LiCoO2 (LCO) and stabilizing the structure by forming high Nickel and Manganese containing composites. The resulting CRC cathode shows surprisingly stable high voltage performance compared to LCO as shown in Figure 1. Traditionally the structure of LCO cathode falls apart at high charge voltages (>4.35V) when >0.5 moles of Li are extracted from the structure. The CRC cathode enables high electrode active content (>97%) and density (>4.0g/cc), high average voltage and high specific capacity required for high-energy cells. To complement the CRC cathode, a high capacity SiOx-based anode electrode has been developed. Current lithium ion cells continue to use graphite as the anode of choice. Si-based anodes have been widely studied as a possible replacement to graphite due to their high specific capacity (~4000mAh/g). Unfortunately Si-based materials suffer from large volume expansion resulting in pulverization and poor cycle life. However, by precise engineering the anode electrode formulation, binder and active material, high capacity SiOx-based anode electrodes with high percent active content (>80%) have been developed and shown to cycle well. Figure 2 shows 1Ah pouch cell data from cells integrating CRC cathode and SiOx anode, showing high specific energy of 285Wh/Kg and cycle life of ~450 cycles before reaching 80% capacity retention at C/5 rate. Swelling and abuse testing of the cells meet consumer electronics specifications and results will be presented. Figure 3 shows that by engineering the cell design and increasing the cell footprint, 10Ah capacity pouch cells integrating CRC cathode and SiOx anode with specific energy of ~350Wh/Kg have been made enabling automotive and drone applications. This presentation will also cover remaining challenges associated with CRC cathode and SiOx anode with respect to synthesis, performance and cell manufacturing to bring these materials and cell technology from prototypes to large-scale manufacturing. Figure 1
Keywords► electronic medical record ► inpatient mortality ► health services research ► care plan AbstractBackground Interdisciplinary plans of care (IPOCs) guide care standardization and satisfy accreditation requirements. Yet patient outcomes associated with IPOC usage through an electronic medical record (EMR) are not present in the literature. EMR systems facilitate the documentation of IPOC use and produce data to evaluate patient outcomes. Objectives This article aimed to evaluate whether IPOC-guided care as documented in an EMR is associated with inpatient mortality. Methods We contrasted whether IPOC-guided care was associated with a patient being discharged alive. We further tested whether the association differed across strata of acuity levels and overall frequency of IPOC usage within a hospital. Results Our sample included 165,334 adult medical/surgical discharges for a 12-month period for 17 hospitals. All hospitals had 1 full year of EMR use antedating the study period. IPOCs guided care in 85% (140,187/165,334) of discharges. When IPOCs guided care, 2.1% (3,009/140,187) of admissions ended with the patient dying while in the hospital. Without IPOC-guided care, 4.3% (1,087/25,147) of admissions ended with the patient dying in the hospital. The relative likelihood of dying while in the hospital was lower when IPOCs guided care (odds ratio: 0.45; 99% confidence interval: 0.41-0.50). Conclusion In this observational study within a quasi-experimental setting of 17 community hospitals and voluntary usage, IPOC-guided care is associated with a decreased likelihood of patients dying while in the hospital.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.