This paper analyses gender budgeting initiatives in Zimbabwe from 2008 when the Gender Budget Circular Call mandating all ministries to mainstream gender in their programmes and budgets came into effect. In order to analyse national budgets and budgeting process in Zimbabwe, the research used a qualitative methodology, which is, specifically, documentary research. Special attention was placed on critical sectors, such as health, agriculture, women’s affairs, water and sanitation, and education where disparity between men and women is apparent. The paper concludes that budgetary allocations for women programmes are inadequate, hence the need to feminise gender budgeting process in order to yield better results. However, feminisation of the gender budgeting process is not an easy task for Zimbabwe due to lack of up-to-date gender disaggregated data, lack of political will, and economic challenges that are limiting the fiscal space, among others. There is, however, an opportunity to draw lessons from other developing countries such as South Africa, Mexico, and Namibia as discussed in this study.
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This study aimed at estimating the technical, allocative, and economic efficiencies among smallholder soybean producers and identifying factors affecting production efficiency of the crop. The study used crosssectional data collected from a sample of 266 soybean producer farmers. Multi-stage random sampling technique was employed to select sample respondents. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze socioeconomic characteristics while the Stochastic Frontier Production Function was used, in order to estimate the level of technical, allocative and economic efficiencies among small-holder farmers. The results revealed that the mean technical efficiency of soybean producer farmers was 72.81 percent while the average efficiency of allocative and economic were 55.13 percent and 40.08 percent, respectively. On the sources of inefficiency, the study found that educational level, farming experience, distance to cooperative and input center significantly reduce the technical inefficiencies among soybean farmers, whereas distance to main road, access to credit, frequency of extension contacts, farming experience and ownerships to tropical livestock unit decreases allocative inefficiency of soybean among producers. On the other hand, educational level, frequency of extension contact, experience in farming, distance to cooperative and input center significantly reduce economic inefficiencies among soybean producer farmers in study area. The result emphasized the need for building rural infrastructure, adult education and training of farmers in FTC and demonstrate new technologies, need support of credit services and increasing frequency of extension and improvements in livestock in the study area.
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