This paper assesses the adequacy, efficiency, and equity of higher education in Lebanon in both the public and private sectors, while highlighting challenges that are specific to Lebanon. It concludes by discussing various approaches and strategies to remedy the challenges facing higher education in Lebanon.Keywords Higher education finance Á Political economy of higher education Á Equity Á Adequacy Á Labour market Á Lebanon Higher education involves two parallel processes: acquiring skills and knowledge, and acquiring and consolidating social status. Development economics and theories of human capital see the acquisition of skills and knowledge as a major factor in promoting economic development and eradicating poverty. On the other hand, the necessities of state building and the dynamics of social promotion have induced specific markers of social differentiation and preferential channels for integration among groups in each society, and higher education has been given a specific role in defining these structures of differentiation and integration.For this mix of reasons, after decolonization, developing countries focused on expanding access to higher education. The Arab countries have achieved a great deal, but the model that emerged in the 1950s and 1960s, which relied on massive state intervention, is now being challenged for three main reasons.• The extension of general education to a very large proportion of the population has coincided with a demographic bulge, inducing a dramatic increase in the demand for higher education.
In this article, we investigate the effects of a massive displacement of workers from a war‐torn economy on the economy of a neighbouring country. Applying a general equilibrium approach to the Lebanese economy, we explore effects from various components of the crisis on the labour market, the production apparatus and macroeconomic indicators. Along with previous literature, our findings suggest limited or no adverse effects on high‐skilled native workers, but a negative impact on the most vulnerable Lebanese workers. When aid takes the form of investment subsidies, significantly better growth and labour market prospects arise, recalling the necessity of complementing humanitarian aid with development aid to succeed in achieving long‐term objectives. This may however not be politically viable in a context where refugees are considered as temporary.
The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.
The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.
Avec le retour des discours guerriers et la multiplication des guerres civiles, une réflexion sur l’économie de guerre est devenue nécessaire, et des guerres civiles en particulier. Quelle rationalité commande le déclenchement et la poursuite des violences inter et intra étatiques ? Dans quelle mesure les effets réels des guerres sont-ils conformes aux objectifs annoncés de leurs protagonistes ? Pour son malheur, l’Orient s’est transformé en un vaste territoire de violence, matérielle et symbolique à la fois. Quelle place reste-t-il pour la raison ?
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