Bamboo is a green construction material in line with sustainable development strategies. The use of raw bamboo in architecture has existed since ancient times. In the long development years of original bamboo buildings, many areas in the world gradually formed unique bamboo buildings, which have become an important local cultural feature. For building structures, joints are the key to ensure structural load transfer. Because of hollow and thin-walled material property of bamboo, the connection in raw bamboo buildings has always been a major difficulty and problem in the application of bamboo, which seriously hinders the development of original bamboo structures. In order to promote the use of raw bamboo, two traditional connection methods in raw bamboo structures are described in this paper firstly, with the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods pointed out. Also, research progress on four categories of raw bamboo building joints is described namely, bolt joints, steel member joints, filler reinforced joints and other types of joints. This work can provide a reference for future research and engineering applications.
Bamboo is a green building material that is environmentally friendly and has great development value. However, the limited mechanical properties and heterogeneous dimensions of natural bamboo poles curb the application of bamboo in building structures. A transverse section of engineered bamboo is regular and compact, and its mechanical properties are stable, which can meet the requirements for physical and mechanical properties of materials in modern building structures. Though application of engineered bamboo has just started, it is of great significance to study the connection performance and corresponding influence factors for popularization and application of modern bamboo structures. This paper is focused on a review of research progress for connections in engineered bamboo structures. Firstly, a study on embedding strength and the performance of bolted joints is presented, including calculation methods described with a proposal for future development of standards suitable for the characteristics of engineered bamboo materials. Secondly, research on carpentry joints is introduced, namely tenonmortise joints, nail joints and truss plate joints. Finally, some engineering examples are briefly introduced. This work can provide a reference for further research on connections in engineered bamboo structures.
To investigate the compression performance of laminated bamboo, 210 laminated bamboo specimens were tested using seven different lamination angles. Six failure types were classified. All the specimens experienced elastic stage at the beginning of the loading process and then elastic-plastic stage.At the end of the elastic-plastic stage, specimens of 15°, 30°and 45° immediately reached the ultimate bearing capacity, showing brittle failure, while other specimens entered a longer plastic stage before failure.The off-axis compression strength and the apparent elastic modulus both decreased with the increment of the angle. Two empirical formulas were proposed to predict the off-axis compression strength and apparent elastic modulus of laminated bamboo compared with several well-known failure criteria. The Poisson's ratio in A/C planes increased with the increment of the angle while in B/D planes, it increased and peaked at 30° before decreasing. Based on Ramberg-Osgood relation, the compression and shear stress-strain curves were fitted.
At present, most of the existing studies on bamboo nodes focus on the raw bamboo. There is still a lack of researches on the nodes in side press laminated bamboo lumber (LBL). However, after processing, bamboo nodes in the laminated bamboo lumber are different from the raw bamboo nodes in terms of performance. Therefore, this paper carried out tests to analyze the influence of bamboo node on the tensile properties parallel to grain of side press laminated bamboo lumber. 180 specimens were divided into 6 groups, and the number and position of the bamboo nodes at the specimen in each group were different. The effects of these factors on the strength, elastic modulus, and Poisson's ratio of the side press laminated bamboo lumber under tension parallel to grain were obtained. The tensile failure of side press laminated bamboo lumber was a brittle fracture, and the typical failure mode can be classified into three types. The mean value for tensile strength was 127.18 MPa when there was no bamboo node, while the mean value was 89.99-107.37 MPa when there were one to three bamboo nodes. The number of bamboo nodes would significantly affect the tensile properties parallel to grain of side press laminated bamboo lumber, whereas the position of bamboo nodes has an insubstantial impact. Comparisons with other research results were also carried out.A series of formulas were proposed based on the test results to reflect how the node influenced the mechanical properties of side press LBL under tensile conditions.
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