A solid reactive organophosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant 4N-BDP was devised and synthesized in order to address the flaws of the widely used organophosphorus flame retardants BDP as well as the issue of flame retardant modification of epoxy resin (EP). A series of flame-retardant EP composites were prepared by adding 4N-BDP and BDP to EP in a specific proportion. The flame-retardant properties of the two were compared, and the flame-retardant mechanism of 4N-BDP was deeply analyzed. The results of the UL-94 test revealed that sample 4N-BDP-6 obtained the greatest V-0 level, while BDP-6 had no level, when the addition ratio of flame retardant was 8.03%. In the cone calorimeter test, the peak smoke production rate (pSPR) and total smoke production (TSP) of BDP-6 were not significantly different from those of pure EP. In contrast, TSP and pSPR of 4N-BDP-6 decreased by 39.50% and 50.00% respectively compared with EP. Compared with BDP,
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