Environmental-friendly and effectively regenerate anode material of spent lithium-ion batteries into high-performance P-doped graphite

Facile synthesis of electrocatalytically active Cu/graphite using the negative electrode of spent Li-ion batteries

“…Regenerating them as a negative electrode material typically includes removing the aforementioned impurities, followed by a high-temperature heat treatment (typically >1000 °C) for graphitization. 5,6 Fine tuning the microstructure of the graphite (e.g., B-doped 7 and P-doped 8 and amorphous carbon-coated graphite 9,10 ) has also been attempted, with the objective of improving the electrochemical storage capacity or cycle performance of the regenerated negative electrodes. In addition, researchers have been exploring methods of using spent graphite by adding new value, such as the ability to be used as catalysts and adsorbents for environmental purification (e.g., copper-based compounds, 11,12 Mg(OH) 2 , 13 or MnO 2 14 supported on carbon powder).…”

“…5,6 Fine tuning the microstructure of the graphite ( e.g. , B-doped 7 and P-doped 8 and amorphous carbon-coated graphite 9,10 ) has also been attempted, with the objective of improving the electrochemical storage capacity or cycle performance of the regenerated negative electrodes. In addition, researchers have been exploring methods of using spent graphite by adding new value, such as the ability to be used as catalysts and adsorbents for environmental purification ( e.g.…”

Direct regeneration of spent graphite anode material via a simple thermal treatment method

“…7 Considering the increasing demand for anode materials in LIBs, researching how to recycle and reuse spent graphite (SG) to establish a complete closed-loop recovery system for batteries is a wise approach. 15 Currently, the traditional recycling directions can be roughly categorized into three approaches:…”

Surface Modification with F-Doped Carbon Layer Coating on Natural Graphite Anode for Improving Interface Compatibility and Electrochemical Performance of Lithium-Ion Capacitors

“…The reaction kinetics and cycle stability of the anode side strongly influence the power capability of LICs, emphasizing the need to focus on improving the kinetics of the Li-ion intercalation–deintercalation reactions in the anode. One effective method to improve the electrochemical performance of graphite materials in LIBs is through the surface modification of electrode material by coating or doping the electrode with various elements and compounds, such as metal oxides (e.g., TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and SnO 2 , ), nonmetallic elements (e.g., N, P, and F), and carbonaceous substances (e.g., pyrolytic carbon and petroleum pitch). Among various modification methods, coating with fluorine-containing carbon material has demonstrated remarkable effectiveness due to three main reasons: amorphous carbon layer coating, C–F bonding groups, and the formation of LiF-rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer.…”