Covalent
triazine frameworks (CTFs) with high adsorption potential
and photocatalytic ability features are expected to be designed as
a new class of adsorbents that can regenerate themselves just by harnessing
sunlight. To simultaneously improve both the adsorption and photocatalytic
regeneration performance, a defect-abundant CTF-m was designed and
tuned effectively by varying the lengths of benzene ring chains incorporated
into the CTF backbone. It has been demonstrated that two kinds of
defects in terms of broken benzene rings and pyrrole nitrogen were
newly generated, other than the normal benzene rings and triazine
units in the CTF-m skeleton. Benefiting from these defects, the adsorption
sites with high energy for adsorbing volatile aromatic pollutants
were significantly increased, which are reflected by higher saturated
adsorption capacities of CTF-m (3.026 mmol/g for benzene (BEN), 1.490
mmol/g for naphthalene (NAP), and 0.863 mmol/g for phenol (PHE)) compared
with those of CTF-1 and CTF-2. Furthermore, these defects narrowed
the band structure and facilitated the separation of photogenerated
charge carries, thus promoting photocatalytic regeneration. The percentage
of CTF-m regenerated was still higher than 90% in the fourth cycle.
These experimental results, together with the density functional theory
(DFT) studies, soundly corroborated that the defects could optimize
the adsorption and regeneration property of CTF-m. The present work
highlights the potential of fabrication of defective CTFs as solar-driven
self-cleaning adsorbents to remove pollutants from water.
low-dose ipilimumab in advanced NSCLC. Here we evaluate this regimen as first-line treatment in special populations (cohort A1) and a reference population (cohort A; previously reported). Method: Patients had previously untreated advanced NSCLC. Cohort A1 (n¼198) had ECOG PS 2 or ECOG PS 0e1 with 1 of: asymptomatic untreated brain metastases, hepatic or renal impairment, or HIV. Cohort A (n¼391) had ECOG PS 0e1. Patients with known EGFR mutations or ALK translocations sensitive to available targeted therapy were excluded from both cohorts. Nivolumab 240 mg Q2W plus ipilimumab 1 mg/kg Q6W was administered for two years or until disease progression/unacceptable toxicity. Safety and efficacy endpoints were assessed; cohort A1 analyses were exploratory. Result: Cohort A1 patients were grouped as: ECOG PS 2 (n¼139) and all other special populations (AOSP; n¼59). Baseline characteristics were generally balanced between cohorts. Rates of grade 3e4 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were similar between cohorts; within cohort A1, grade 3e4 TRAEs were numerically higher in AOSP versus the ECOG PS 2 subgroup; TRAEs leading to discontinuation were similar across populations (Table). ORR was 25% in cohort A1 (patients with ECOG PS 2, 20%; AOSP, 37%) and 35% in cohort A. PFS was numerically shorter in cohort A1 than cohort A; high TMB (10 mut/Mb) and higher PD-L1 expression (1% or 50%) were associated with numerically longer PFS in both cohorts (Table). Conclusion: First-line flat-dose nivolumab plus weight-based ipilimumab showed a consistent safety profile in special populations with advanced NSCLC, including those with ECOG PS 2. Patients with either high TMB or higher tumor PD-L1 expression appeared to exhibit improved efficacy.
The present work elucidates that the photocatalytic activity of nanocage-like MIL-125-NH2 is enhanced by adsorption of an electron-withdrawing pollutant (p-nitrophenol) but suppressed by adsorption of an electron-donating pollutant (p-methylphenol).
The
water shortage crisis, characterized by organic micropollutants
(OMPs), urgently requires new materials and methods to deal with it.
Although heteroatom doping has been developed into an effective method
to modify carbon nanomaterials for various heterogeneous adsorption
and catalytic oxidation systems, the active source regulated by intrinsic
electron and spin structures is still obscure. Here, a series of nonmetallic
element-doped (such as P, S, and Se) covalent triazine frameworks
(CTFs) were constructed and applied to remove organic pollutants using
the adsorption–photocatalysis process. The external mass transfer
model (EMTM) and the homogeneous surface diffusion model (HSDM) were
employed to describe the adsorption process. It was found that sulfur-doped
CTF (S-CTF-1) showed a 25.6-fold increase in saturated adsorption
capacity (554.7 μmol/g) and a 169.0-fold surge in photocatalytic
kinetics (5.07 h–1), respectively, compared with
the pristine CTF-1. A positive correlation between electron accumulation
at the active site (N1 atom) and adsorption energy was further demonstrated
with experimental results and theoretical calculations. Meanwhile,
the photocatalytic degradation rates were greatly enhanced by forming
a built-in electric field driven by spin polarization. In addition,
S-CTF-1 still maintained a 98.3% removal of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone
(BP-2) micropollutants and 97.6% regeneration after six-cycle sequencing
batch treatment in real water matrices. This work established a relation
between electron and spin structures for adsorption and photocatalysis,
paving a new way to design modified carbon nanomaterials to control
OMPs.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.