Zinc-based electrochemistry is attracting significant attention for practical energy storage owingtoits uniqueness in terms of low cost and high safety.H owever,t he grid-scale application is plagued by limited output voltage and inadequate energy density when compared with more conventional Li-ion batteries.H erein, we propose al atent high-voltage MnO 2 electrolysis process in ac onventional Zn-ion battery, and report an ew electrolytic Zn-MnO 2 system, via enabled proton and electron dynamics,t hat maximizes the electrolysis process.C ompared with other Zn-based electrochemical devices,t his new electrolytic Zn-MnO 2 battery has ar ecordhigh output voltage of 1.95 Va nd an imposing gravimetric capacity of about 570 mAh g À1 ,t ogether with ar ecord energy density of approximately 409 Wh kg À1 when both anode and cathode active materials are taken into consideration. The cost was conservatively estimated at < US$ 10 per kWh. This result opens an ew opportunity for the development of Zn-based batteries,a nd should be of immediate benefit for low-cost practical energy storage and grid-scale applications.
IntelliSense fabrics that can sense transient mechanical stimuli are widely anticipated in flexible and wearable electronics. However, most IntelliSense fabrics developed so far are only sensitive to quasi-static forces, such as stretching, bending, or twisting. In this work, a sheath-core triboelectric nanogenerator (SC-TENG) yarn was developed via a rational design, electroassisted core spinning technique, that consisted of a rough nanoscale dielectric surface and mechanically strong and electrically conductive core yarns. The resulting system was used to sense and distinguish the instantaneous mechanical stimuli generated by different materials. To further improve the sensing accuracy, a machine learning model, based on a classification coding and recurrent neural network, was built to predict the type of contact materials from the peak profiles of output voltages. With these experimental and algorithmic optimizations, we finally used SC-TENG yarn to identify the type of materials in real-time. Moreover, by applying Internet of Things techniques, we investigated that SC-TENG yarn could be integrated into an IntelliSense system to recognize and control various electronic and electrical systems, demonstrating promising applications in wearable energy supply, IntelliSense fabrics, and human−machine interactions.
A 360x360-element very high frame rate (VHFR) burst image sensor captures images at maximum frame rate up to IO6 frame/s. This is accomplished by continuously storing the last 30 image frames a t the pixel locations. The 360x360 VHFR imager having a 2x2cm2 chip is designed in the form of 4 quadrants each with 180x180 pixels. Each pixel occupies 50x50pn2 and consists of a 337pm2 photodetector with a fill factor of 13.5% and a 3-phase 30stage (5x6) series-parallel type buried-channel CCD (BCCD) register for continuously storing the Past 30 detected image frames. The chip uses 1.5pm design rules and 1.5x3pm2 minimum-size BCCD storage elements.The architecture of the VHFR imager is illustrated in Figure 1 for an array of 2x2 pixels. Each pixel consists of a photodiode with charge-collecting well under the G, gate, a blooming barrier gate G,, a drain D, and the gate G, separating the charge collecting well from the 5-stage serial ( S ) register. The drain D is used for control of blooming during the optical (frame) integration time and for dumping the excess charge signals (excess frames) from the S register. However, the drain D could also facilitate the operation with subframe optical integration time. The 5-stage serial register coupled to a 5x5-stage parallel (P) register forms a 30-frame CCD storage at each pixel location. A block diagram of the 360x360 VHFR imager is shown in Figure 2. T h i s imager is organized into 4 quadrants to reduce transfer losses and to improve processing yield of usable quadrants. Note that all 360x360 photodetectors, PDs, have the same spacing, while the shape of the CCD pixel storage is different for upper and lower quadrants.During the image acquisition cycle, the charge signal detected by the photodetector, PD, is transferred in series into the serial BCCD register of the pixel for detection of the successive frames. After the detection of 5 frames, the detected charge signals are transferred in parallel from the S register to the P register, providing a storage for the last 30 detected image frames. The continuous storage of the last 30 frames is obtained by preceding the loading of the S register from the photodetector by a parallel transfer into the S register of the charge signals from the last row of the P register of the pixel above. This last row of 5 charge signals a t each pixel location is transferred to the dumping drain D while a new row of 5 charge signals corresponding to the next 5 frames i s transferred from the photodetector into the S register. The readout of the last detected 30 frames can be initiated aRer the loading of the S register is completed. This can be at the end of any pixel row-time. At this time, all of the BCCD storage registers of each quadrant are converted (under control of the BCCD clocks) into a single large frame-transfer type CCD readout of 180x(5+1) rows and 180x6 columns. For the 3-phase BCCD design, this charge readout involves up to 180x6~3 = 3,240 transfers in vertical direction by the parallel registers and up to 180x(5+1)x3 = 3,240 tra...
Visibly transparent near-UV dye (Exalite 377E)-doped silica in the form of parallelepiped were prepared by the low-temperature sol-gel process. The laser output performance of dye-doped sol-gel silica samples pumped by a short pulse (1 ns) N2 laser at 337 nm was reported. With a grating as the wavelength selection element, the laser was tuned from 367 to 387 nm with a laser linewidth of 2 nm. Using a resonator cavity consisting of two flat mirrors, the sol-gel laser showed a slope efficiency of 34.7% and a pump energy threshold of 20 μJ. The variation of sol-gel laser energy output as a function of the number of pulses under repetitive N2 laser excitation was investigated. The laser output energy decreased initially with the number of shots. The output energy recovered to its original intensity after a ten minute interruption in pumping. In this way, the dye-doped samples showed no signs of long term degradation after being irradiated at 337 nm for tens of thousand shots.
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