Lignin oil from lignin-first biorefinery with a reusable catalyst was applied to obtain jet fuel aromatics and polyurethane feedstock.

The uptake mechanism, translocation, and subcellular distribution of azoxystrobin (5 mg kg–1) in wheat plants was investigated under laboratory conditions. The wheat–water system reached equilibrium after 96 h. Azoxystrobin concentrations in roots were much higher than those in stems and leaves under different exposure times. Azoxystrobin uptake by roots was highly linear at different exposure concentrations, while the bioconcentration factors and translocation factors were independent of the exposed concentration at the equilibrium state. Dead roots adsorbed a larger amount of azoxystrobin than fresh roots, which was measured at different concentrations. Azoxystrobin preferentially accumulated in organelles, and the highest distribution proportion was detected in the soluble cell fractions. This study elucidated that the passive transport and apoplastic pathway dominated the uptake of azoxystrobin by wheat roots. Azoxystrobin primarily accumulated in roots and could be acropetally translocated, but its translocation capacity from roots to stems was limited. Additionally, the uptake and distribution of azoxystrobin by wheat plants could be predicted well by a partition-limited model.

No abstract

A total of 191 soil samples from Hangzhou, China, were submitted to detect non-wild-type (non-WT) Aspergillus fumigatus and its associated mechanisms. There were 2 (4.7%), 13 (12.4%), and 31 (23.1%) isolates identified as non-WT in 2014, 2016, and 2018, respectively. The resistant mutations of TR34/L98H, TR46/Y121F/T289A, and TR34/L98H/S297T/F495I were found in 3, 5, and 5 non-WT isolates. The G448S mutation, previously only found in clinical settings, was detected in A. fumigatus from soil samples.

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is popular sensing material because of its unique piezoelectric characteristics. In this work an impact sensor was prepared from a sandwiched structure PVDF film, and the related detection circuits were presented. The dependence of the PVDF sensors' response on the elasticity of the supporting materials was examined and discussed. Here two response indexes were discussed, which were the peak-to-peak voltage (Vpp) and the recovery time. Firstly, falling impact experiments were executed on desk-supported PVDF sensors (100 μm PVDF film) using free falls of different weights from different heights. Then the same shock experiments were repeated on the same sensor, but changing the backstops to a sponge and rubber, respectively. On the desk, the values of Vpp were bigger than when the other two backstops were used; but the changes of the impact energy could not be reflected by the PVDF sensor when it was supported by a hard material. It was found that the biggest sensitivity of the voltage response (about 96.62 V/J) was obtained by the sponge-supported sensor; for the same sensor, when it was supported by rubber, the slope was 82.26 V/J. Moreover, the recovery time for the desk-supported sensor was almost constant, varying from 0.15 to 0.18 s, while for the same sensor supported by sponge or rubber, its recovery time changed with the shifting of the impact energy in the range of 0.02∼0.36 s, but no pattern could be found in the recovery-time characteristics.