In these times of successive lockdown periods due to the health crisis induced by COVID-19, this paper investigates how the usages of collaborative and communication digital tools (groupware, workflow, instant messaging and web conference) are related to the evolution of teleworkers’ subjective well-being (job satisfaction, job stress) and job productivity comparing during and before the first lockdown in spring 2020. Using a sample of 438 employees working for firms located in Luxembourg, this analysis enables, first, to highlight different profiles of teleworkers regarding the evolution of usages of these tools during the lockdown compared to before and the frequency of use during. Second, the analysis highlights that these profiles are linked to the evolution of job satisfaction, job stress and job productivity. Our main results show that (1) the profile that generates an increase in job productivity is the one with a combined mastered daily or weekly use of all of the four studied digital tools but at the expense of job satisfaction. On the contrary, (2) the use of the four digital tools both before and during the lockdown, associated with an increase in the frequency of use, appears to generate too much information flow to deal with and teleworkers may suffer from information overload that increases their stress and reduces their job satisfaction and job productivity. (3) The habit of using the four tools on a daily basis before the lockdown appears to protect teleworkers from most of the adverse effects, except for an increase in their job stress. Our results have theoretical and managerial implications for the future of the digitally transformed home office.
This study is about the structure embedded in e-mail relationships. Based on data describing organizational e-mail exchanges, this research deals with organizational structure, personal power, and the centrality of people in a network. Social network analysis is used to study the centralization dimension of the structure embedded in the data. The data concerns 385 employees of 36 firms within a group. Our empirical study first explores several possible assessments of power and centrality concepts; then, it tests a causal relationship between personal and organizational attributes of power and centrality indexes. Results show the relationships between personal characteristics, aspects of organizational power, and e-mail network centrality. A discussion of the way managers may use electronic communication data to better interpret the nature and the dynamic of the organizational structure concludes the article.
La recherche questionne le rôle d'un réseau d'innovation dans le développement de ses adhérents. Le capital social a été choisi comme clé de lecture des ressources inscrites au sein d'un réseau d'innovateurs. Le terrain de recherche, QualiREG, est un réseau d'innovation réunissant des acteurs dispersés sur plusieurs territoires de l'Océan Indien. Une étude quantitative a été réalisée en collaboration avec les managers du réseau. Les parties prenantes de QualiREG ont été interrogées dans le cadre d'une enquête en ligne. Les données des 97 réponses obtenues ont été traitées par les Méthodes d'Équations Structurelles (PLS) expliquant les effets du réseau sur ses adhérents. Les résultats montrent que deux dimensions, la réputation et le support à l'innovation, sont significativement liées et ont un effet sur la contribution du réseau au développement de ses membres. Le rôle des technologies est double. Elles permettent de mobiliser des actifs favorisant l'innovation dans le réseau et d'améliorer la visibilité des acteurs au sein du réseau. La recherche est source de contributions managériales et théoriques. Sur le plan managérial, les managers de réseaux d'innovation sont invités à placer le Système d'Information au coeur de leurs démarches de management. D'un point de vue théorique, une discussion est ouverte sur deux points. D'une part, le réseau d'innovation apparaît comme un espace d'apprentissage relationnel au sein duquel la réputation, en tant que ressource, joue un rôle déterminant. D'autre part, l'intervention des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (TIC) dans la constitution de capital social invite à développer l'idée d'un capital sociotechnique.
This article explores the relationship between social capital in a professional network and ICT use. It examines the context in which the main ICT networks are used and shows how they are conditioned by the social capital of an individual within their professional network. To do so, different measures from Social Network Analysis are used. An exploratory study on a group of 199 students is presented. The studied Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) media are electronic mail, telephone, Skype, and Facebook. The results show the important position of an actor in the networks of exchanges. The results also show that ICT uses have different contexts involving different degrees of confidence in the network. Email is shown to be influenced by trust centrality and centrality at work while telephone is more influenced by influence centrality. The authors conclude on the prospects for future research.
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