Bactrocera dorsalis is a notorious polyphagous pest in China, and its management strategies largely depend on methyl eugenol (ME), which has been widely used as an attractant to monitor and eradicate B. dorsalis populations for seven decades. However, the non-responsiveness levels in field B. dorsalis populations to ME is unknown. In this study, we monitored the response to ME in field populations from the four most heavily infested provinces in China, and the results showed that the populations had lower sensitivity to ME relative to GZS susceptible strain. The percent responsiveness of the lowest sensitivity population was 5.88-, 3.47-, and 1.47-fold lower relative to the susceptible strain at doses of 1, 10, and 100 µL of ME, respectively. Gene expression analysis and inhibitor assays further revealed that odorant binding protein (BdorOBP2, BdorOBP83b) and the P450 enzyme system may be associated with the lower response to ME. To our knowledge, this work is the first to report that the P450 enzyme system confers a lower responsiveness to lure insects. These findings provided valuable insights for exploiting ME non-responsiveness to protect sterile males from ME-based control strategies and the use of lures combined with insecticides.
BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for renal failure and possibly for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Post-transplantation DM occurs frequently after solid organ transplantation. We investigated whether new-onset diabetes after renal transplantation (NODAT) is a risk factor for RCC or renal failure.Material/MethodsData of 96,699 discharged patients with and without NODAT were extracted from the 2005–2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, after excluding patients with DM diagnosed at least 1 year prior to renal transplantation. Main outcomes were RCC diagnosis less than 1-year post-transplantation, RCC stage, and renal failure. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with post-transplantation RCC or renal failure.ResultsSignificant differences were found in age and race between patients with and without NODAT (both P<0.001). The renal failure rate was 0.8% (n=1) in NODAT patients and 0.3% (n=314) in those without NODAT. Older age (OR, 1.030; 95% CI: 1.023 to 1.036), male (OR, 1.872; 95% CI: 1.409 to 2.486), Black (OR, 2.199; 95% CI: 1.574 to 3.071) and hospitalization in urban teaching hospitals were associated with increased risk of RCC.ConclusionsAnalysis of over 90,000 NIS hospitalizations with diagnosis-coded kidney transplantation suggested that NODAT may not be an independent risk factor for RCC and renal failure.
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