Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNA (miRNA), long ncRNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA), are regulators of important biological functions. Therefore, understanding their crosstalk and regulatory patterns can provide treatment for diseases. In this study, differentially expressed RNA transcripts were obtained by RNA sequencing in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Four miRNAs, 10 lncRNAs, and two circRNAs were tested to validate the sequencing. There were differentially expressed 585 mRNAs, 236 miRNAs, 272 lncRNAs, and 74 circRNAs in pulmonary fibrosis. Their location on chromosome, length varieties, interaction, and host genes were analyzed. lnc949, circ949, and circ057 were chosen to explore the detailed crosstalk and regulatory pattern, which were measured by using RNA-FISH, dual-luciferase reporter assay, real-time cell analysis and rescue experiment, co-localization analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull down. The data showed that the three ncRNAs were predominant in the cytoplasm, and their regulatory patterns were focused on post-transcription. The fibrotic function of lnc949 depended on its host gene FKBP5. circ949 and circ057 formed a regulatory network with lnc865 and lnc556 to simultaneously regulate miR-29b-2-5p targeting STAT3 phosphorylation. Collectively, different RNAs can crosstalk with each other to regulate pulmonary fibrosis through different regulatory patterns. We hope these data can provide a full concept of RNA transcripts, leading to a new treatment for pulmonary fibrosis.

Large amounts of labeled data are a prerequisite to training accurate and reliable machine learning models. However, in the medical domain in particular, this is also a stumbling block as accurately labeled data are hard to obtain. DementiaBank, a publicly available corpus of spontaneous speech samples from a picture description task widely used to study Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients' language characteristics and for training classification models to distinguish patients with AD from healthy controls, is relatively small—a limitation that is further exacerbated when restricting to the balanced subset used in the Alzheimer's Dementia Recognition through Spontaneous Speech (ADReSS) challenge. We build on previous work showing that the performance of traditional machine learning models on DementiaBank can be improved by the addition of normative data from other sources, evaluating the utility of such extrinsic data to further improve the performance of state-of-the-art deep learning based methods on the ADReSS challenge dementia detection task. To this end, we developed a new corpus of professionally transcribed recordings from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), resulting in 1366 additional Cookie Theft Task transcripts, increasing the available training data by an order of magnitude. Using these data in conjunction with DementiaBank is challenging because the WLS metadata corresponding to these transcripts do not contain dementia diagnoses. However, cognitive status of WLS participants can be inferred from results of several cognitive tests including semantic verbal fluency available in WLS data. In this work, we evaluate the utility of using the WLS ‘controls’ (participants without indications of abnormal cognitive status), and these data in conjunction with inferred ‘cases’ (participants with such indications) for training deep learning models to discriminate between language produced by patients with dementia and healthy controls. We find that incorporating WLS data during training a BERT model on ADReSS data improves its performance on the ADReSS dementia detection task, supporting the hypothesis that incorporating WLS data adds value in this context. We also demonstrate that weighted cost functions and additional prediction targets may be effective ways to address issues arising from class imbalance and confounding effects due to data provenance.

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Titanium alloys have limited application in friction and wear environments due to their low surface hardness and poor wear resistance. By preparing a coating that improves wear resistance and high temperature oxidation resistance on the surface of the titanium alloy, the wear and corrosion resistance of the titanium alloy can be significantly enhanced, thereby greatly broadening its application fields and reducing production costs. Starting from the process, this paper systematically explained the current research status of surface laser modification technology at home and abroad, discussed the existing problems and corresponding solutions, and predicted the future development trend of the technology.

BACKGROUND Among the various driving factors for vaccine hesitancy, confidence in the safety associated with the vaccine constitutes as one of the key factors. This study aimed at comparing the adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines with the Flu vaccines. METHODS The VAERS data from 01/01/2020 to 08/20/2021 were used. The MedDRA terms coded by VAERS were further aggregated by a clinician into clinically meaningful broader terms. RESULTS Various common adverse events between Flu and COVID-19 vaccines have been identified. Adverse events such as headache and fever were very common across all age groups. Among the common adverse events between Flu and COVID-19 vaccine, the relative risk along with 95% CI indicated that such common adverse events were more likely to be experienced by COVID-19 vaccine users than Flu vaccine users. Our study also quantified the proportion of rare adverse events such as Guillain Barre Syndrome and Gynecological changes in the VAERS database for COVID-19 vaccines. CONCLUSIONS Based on the available data and results, it appears that there were some common adverse events between Flu vaccines and COVID-19 vaccines. These identified common adverse events warrant further investigations based on the relative risk and 95% CI.

With the development of science and technology, cemented carbide tool coatings for machining are updating constantly. Different chemical elements in tool coatings have different performance. This paper introduces the current status of the use of various chemical elements in carbide tool coatings, common chemical elements include metallic elements (transition metal elements, rare-earth elements and aluminium elements) and non-metallic elements (silicon and boron). In addition, this paper presents the current status of research on related basic coatings which includes CrN, TiN, TiCN and CrCN coating, and it looks ahead the develop of tool coating prospect as well.

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Laser cladding technology is an advanced surface modification technology. By selecting different parameters and coating materials, the surface hardness and wear resistance of titanium alloys can be effectively improved. The cladding material is a key factor affecting the quality and performance of the cladding layer. Common cladding materials mainly include self-fluxing alloy powder, ceramic powder and rare earth element powder. This paper reviews the current research status of laser cladding material system on titanium alloy, and explains the problems that still need to be solved and puts forward the outlook.