The purpose of this study was to control root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on pumpkin seedling with 10%, 20% coffee ground compost and 1% plant velvet bean powder (plain skin bean, leopard skin bean, hole plant, bean pod). Among the root-knot nematode insecticide treatments, the velvet bean plant powder was the highest mortality rate with 83.2% in greenhouse condition. In addition, the root-knot nematode second juvenile mortality significantly increased with the lapse of processing time for each concentration of leopard skin velvet bean extract in vivo. After 24 hours, the mortality rate of root-knot nematode showed the highest at 1.2% and 2.4% of leopard skin velvet bean extract. The growth promoting effect of seedlings pumpkin, 20% of coffee ground compost treatments inhibited the growth of pumpkin seedlings and 1% the tiger pattern velvet beans powder was the most to promote the growth of pumpkin seedlings. However, the results indicated that the organic materials of velvet beans and coffee ground compost are expected to be able to effectively control the root-knot nematode and further studies will be needed for the concentration and application methods.
To select resistant vegetables against two species of root-knot nematodes, M. incognita and M. arenaria, 39 vegetables belongs to 7 families, 13 genera, 25 species were screened in greenhouse pot test. Susceptible vegetables to both nematodes were amarath and leaf beet in Amaranthaceae, Malabar spinach in Basellaceae, Moroheiya in Tiliaceae, and Water-convolvulus in Convolvulaceae, Pak-choi in Brassica campestris var. chinensis, Tah tasai in B. campestris var. narinosa, B. campestris var. chinensis x narinosa, Leaf mustard, Mustard green in B. juncea, Kyona in B. juncea var. laciniate, Choy sum in B. rapa subsp. arachinenesis, Kairan in B. oleracea var. alboglabra, Arugula in Eruca sativa, Garland chrysanthemum in Chrysanthemum coronarium, Endive in Cichorium endivia, Artichoke in Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus, Lettuce in Lactuca sativa. Resistant to M. arenaria but susceptible to M. incognita were B. oleracea cv. Matjjang kale, B. oleracea var. gongyloides cv. Jeok kohlrabi, and C. intybus cv. Radicchio. Resistant vegetables to both nematodes were C. intybus cv. Sugar loaf, Grumoro, Radichio treviso, B. oleracea cv. Manchu collard, Super matjjang, B. oleracea italica, B. oleracea var. botrytis italiana, and Perilla in Lamiaceae. Vegetables resistant to both species of root-knot nematodes could be used as high-valued rotation crops in greenhouses where root-knot nematodes are problem.
A total of 2,714 methanol extracts of 1,677 plant species in 178 families were screened for nemastatic activity against Rhabditis sp. by 96-well microplate bioassay. The plant extracts with a concentration of 5,000 μg/ml were mixed with aqueous nematode solution containing about 20 Rhabditis sp. and their activity was examined daily for 7 days. Out of 2,714 plant extracts examined in this test, 2,362 (87.0%) showed no negative influence on the nematode activity, while 187 (6.9%) inhibited nematode activity about 50%, 95 (3.5%) inhibited nematode activity over 90%, and 70 (2.6%) rather enhanced nematode activity. Among those showing over 50% nemastatic activity, 25 extracts were randomly selected for further screening with Rhabditis sp. and with juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita. The screening revealed that 11 extracts (44%) were consistently nemastatic. The 282 extracts with nemastatic activity could be of use in future studies on nematicidal plants.
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are among the main pathogens of greenhouse crops worldwide. Plant resistance is currently the method of choice for controlling these pests. To select resistant tomato against two common species of root-knot nematodes, M. incognita and M. arenaria, 36 commercial tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars were screened. Seventeen tomato cultivars were resistant to both root-knot nematodes: six in cherry tomato,
Ninety two pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars were screened for resistance to two common species of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria. All 92 pepper cultivars were resistant to M. arenaria (0−3 eggmass/plant) but were susceptible to M. incognita (76−678 eggmass/plant). Susceptibility to M. incognita were slightly differed; 'Geomok' and 'Shintaepung' had relatively less eggmass (<100 eggmass/ plant) when compared to those 29 very susceptible culivars such as 'Bulggotcheoreum' (>300 eggmass/plant). Therefore, pepper is highly recommended as a high-valued rotation crop to only those greenhouses infested with M. arenaria, but should restrict for M. incognita.
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