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The purpose of this paper is to present a new double-sided linear primary permanent magnet (PM) vernier (DSLPPMV) machine, which can offer high thrust force, low detent force, and improved power factor. Both PMs and windings of the proposed machine are on the short translator, while the long stator is designed as a double-sided simple iron core with salient teeth so that it is very robust to transmit high thrust force. The key of this new machine is the introduction of double stator and the elimination of translator yoke, so that the inductance and the volume of the machine can be reduced. Hence, the proposed machine offers improved power factor and thrust force density. The electromagnetic performances of the proposed machine are analyzed including flux, no-load EMF, thrust force density, and inductance. Based on using the finite element analysis, the characteristics and performances of the proposed machine are assessed.

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The incidence of neck tumours accounts for 5% of all malignant tumours in the whole body in China. 1 The neck is an important hub connecting the brain and the upper limb trunk, with a complex anatomical structure, and the tumours in the region tend to invade the surrounding blood vessels, nerves, skulls and other tissues. Most of the tumours have peripheral lymph node metastasis in the early stage, with obvious compression and irritation symptoms, and over 70% of the patients are in the late stage after diagnosis who are unable to receive surgical intervention. 2 For stage I and II patients who can undergo surgery, due to the small surgical space, the need to expand to the surrounding tissue easily causes great trauma, and in serious cases, disability, and loss of function, which seriously affects the normal life of postoperative patients. Therefore, clinical research in recent years has focused on finding methods to reduce the impact of surgery on patients with neck tumour. To date, the main methods for the treatment of neck tumours include surgery and radiotherapy, among which radiotherapy is a commonly used treatment. But because of sensitivity of tumour tissue to radiotherapy and other factors, radiotherapy fails to completely kill the tumour tissue, not to mention the toxicity and side effects of radiotherapy that cause negative impact on the body of patients. 3

The β-C-H functionalization of amines is one of the most powerful tools for the synthesis of saturated nitrogen-containing heterocycles in organic synthesis. However, the β-C–H functionalization of amines via redox-neutral...