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In this work, we investigated the use of a homogeneous Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO) buffer layer to improve the performance of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device fabricated on an AZO anode. For this, 10-nm-thick AZO buffer layers with Al doping concentrations of 3.1, 4.1, and 5.1 at % were grown on 140-nm-thick AZO anode films containing 2.1 at % Al by atomic layer deposition. The electrical resistivity of the AZO anode with a homogeneous AZO buffer layer decreased with an increase in Al doping concentration up to 4.1 at %; however, the resistivity increased at higher doping concentrations in the AZO buffer layer. On the other hand, the work functions of the AZO anode with the AZO buffer layer containing various Al doping concentrations gradually increased with an increase in Al doping concentration from 3.1 to 5.1 at %. Therefore, the best film properties were obtained for an AZO anode with an AZO buffer layer containing 4.1 at % Al, and the work function value for this film was 4.64 eV. The highest luminance and current efficiency values were optimized to be 20290 cd/m(2) and 13.4 cd/A, respectively, with the OLED device composed of a DNTPD/TAPC/Bebq2:10% doped RP-411/Bphen/LiF/Al structure on an AZO anode with an AZO buffer layer containing 4.1 at % Al.

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This study demonstrated that the resistive switching voltage of perovskite manganite material could be controlled by A-site cation substitution in “A” MnO3 perovskite manganite structure. A partial substitution of La3+ in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 with smaller cation Gd3+ induced A-site vacancy of the largest Sr2+ cation with surface segregation of SrOy due to ionic size mismatch, and the induced vacancies reduced migration energy barrier. The operating voltage decreased from 3.5 V to 2.5 V due to a favorable condition for electrochemical migration and redox of oxygen ions. Moreover, surface-segregated SrOy was enhanced with Gd-substitution and the SrOy reduced Schottky-like barrier height and resistive switching ratio from the potential drop and screening effect. The relationship between A-site vacancy generation resulting in surface segregation of SrOy and resistive switching behavior was also investigated by energy resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, O 1s near edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and current voltage measurement.

The CO gas sensing properties of direct-patternable SnO2 composite thin films were more effectively improved by the incorporation of Ag nanoparticles than graphene.