We present a new approach for estimation and optimization of the average stand-by power dissipation in large MOS digitan circuits. To overcome the complexity of state dependence in average leakage estimation, we introduce the concept of "dominant leakage states" and use state probabilities. Our method achieves speed-ups of 3 to 4 orders of magnitude over exhaustive SPICE simulations while maintaining accuracies within 9% of SPICE. This accurate estimation is used in a new sensitivity-based leakage and performance optimization approach for circuits using dual V, processes. In tests on a variety of industrial circuits, this approach was abUe to obtain 81-100% of the performance achievable with all low Vt transistors, but with 1/3 to 1/6 the stand-by current.
This paper studies the static structure factor of a system of fractal aggregates at various degrees of densification. The system we use for this study is carbonaceous soot, which is composed of diffusion limited cluster aggregates with a fractal dimension of 1.8. The range of density is great, from the aerosol to a system of lightly touching clusters and then to ground and compressed samples. The data involve a combination of light scattering and small-angle x-ray scattering over a q range of 3ϫ10 Ϫ3 рqр6 nm Ϫ1 . We are able to explain all the features of the data with scaling arguments based on comparisons of the scattering length scale q Ϫ1 , where q is the magnitude of the scattering wave vector, and the various length scales of the system that are density dependent. ͓S1063-651X͑98͒00410-3͔
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