: An attempt has been made in this paper to finding the major production constraints of soybean crops. The study was conducted in Kabirdham district of Chhattisgarh state with hundred farmers who were selected randomly. For the study two blocks was selected from district; there after 2 villages from each block was selected purposively according to maximum area and production of soybean. From the farmer of the selected villages, a proportionate stratified sample respondent was considered in order to make a number of respondents equal to 10 per cent. The total numbers of constraints selected for the study were nine, which are categories as technical, institutional, economical and transportaional constraints. Out of these constraints, the major constraints were 'high costs of improved production inputs` followed by 'Problem Lack of labour', 'problems of insect pest, dieses and bad whether side effects, 'lack of resources i.e. Money, equipment, 'Lack of latest technical knowHow about the crop 'lack of nutrient in soil and lack of sufficient soil testing facilities. The some farmers perception on constraints was 'Lack of financing at reasonable interest rate'. 'Lack of improved and high yielding varieties' and 'Lack of recommended package practices of the crop in the region'.
: An attempt has been made in this paper to find out the production and marketing constraints of major cole vegetable crops. The study was conducted in Bemetara district of Chhattisgarh state with one hundred farmers who were selected randomly. Ten villages and 10 cole vegetable growers from each of selected villages were considered to collect the required information. The total numbers of constraints selected for the study were fourteen, which were categories as technical, institutional, economical and transportaional constraints. Out of these constraints, the major constraints were 'Scarcity of labour' followed by 'Problem of high infestation of different insects, pests and diseases in the crop', 'Lack of adequate training facility to farmers', 'Lack of technical knowledge', 'Lack of soil testing, facilities' and 'Lack of information regarding crop cultivation'. Some farmers perception was on constraints in marketing of vegetables and these were 'Lack of proper methods applied for harvesting of crop' followed by 'Lack of facilities regarding standardization grading', 'Lack of post harvest management' and 'Lack of regulated and co-operative market.
SUMMARY :The present paper attempts to identify cropping pattern and input utilization pattern of major crops on small farms. A multi-stage random sampling method followed by a farm survey with structured interview schedule. For personal interview a total of 60 respondent farmers being selected, this revealed that the cropping pattern of selected farms was dominated by Kharif crops with an area of 1.47 ha. and cropping intensity was 126.06 per cent. The Inputs utilization for various crops at overall level showed that per hectare utilization of human (166.3 man days) and bullock (31.98 pair days) labour were highest in case of sugarcane crop. Utilization of machine labour was highest for Rabi jowar crop (3.05 hours). Seed utilization per hectare for crops was as per recommendations. Regarding manures, highest quantity was used for sugarcane crop (31.96 q/ ha). Analysis of per hectare total cost of cultivation of different crops showed that maximum cost was incurred in sugarcane (Rs. 85247.88) followed by cotton (Rs. 42563.09). Per hectare total returns from sugarcane was the highest (Rs. 154678.50) followed by cotton (Rs. 80821.50). Regarding the profitability of crop enterprise, cotton was most profitable crop as its input-output ratio was 1.89 followed by sugarcane (1.81).
SUMMARY :The present study was conducted in the Raigarh district of Chhattisgarh. Hundred farmers were selected randomly from five blocks namely Dharamjaigarh, Lailunga, Pusour, Baramkela and Sarangarh. The primary data were collected for the year 2013-14. The major findings of this study revealed that the average size of holding of the sample households was 3.19. Cost of production per quintal of pigeonpea showed decreasing trend with the increase in farm size, whereas cost of cultivation increased with the increase in farm size. Per hectare pigeonpea production and input-output ratio increased with the increase in farm size. The two marketing channels were identified for the marketing of pigeonpea: Channel-I: Producer -Village merchant. Channels-II: Producer -consumer. The major constraints pertaining to cultivation of pigeonpea were low adoption of recommended package practices of crops, followed by lack of technical knowledge and lack of financing. Constraints of marketing of pigeonpea were lack of regulated or co-operative market followed by lack of market intelligence and lack of storage facility. Study suggested establishing the regulated or co-operative market in Raigarh district and imparting the technical knowledge and extension support so that farmers can adopt improved technologies with assured irrigation facilities. It is essential to adopt the production system approach by linking the production technology, credit and marketing of pigeonpea, the study suggested.
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