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Anaerobic butanol producing bacteria were isolated, among them Clostridium sporogens found to be a potent producer of butanol with the production of 0.1 g/L of butanol. Individual fermentation parameters including inoculum age (10 -24 hrs), size (1 % -9 % v/v) were optimized and maximum production was observed on 12 hrs old 8 % (v/v) inoculum. From the single parameter optimization results, for further improvement in the production of butanol, media engineering was done using Plackett-Burman (PB) and Central Composite Design (CCD). Production of butanol increased to 1.5 g/L and the effect of different media components in butanol production is evaluated.

SUMMARYThe production of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans CFR C07 in submerged fermentation was studied. Culture parameters such as carbon source and incubation time were optimized. Four different extraction methods using solvents with acid washed sand, glass beads, lyophilization and Soxhlet extraction were evaluated for improved extraction of lipids from the fungal biomass after fermentation. The GLA production was initially optimized in 250-mL flask and the process was demonstrated in a 3-litre fermentor. The maximum GLA production was 882 mg/L in shake flask culture and 733 mg/L in the fermentor. The study shows that Cunninghamella elegans CFR C07 is a potent organism for the production of GLA under submerged conditions.