A 90-day experiment was conducted to study haematological, serum biochemical and anti-oxidative enzymes responses of sutchi catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fingerlings in biofloc system using various carbon sources. The experiment consisted of four treatments and control (clearwater) having three replicates using three hundred sutchi catfish fingerlings (6.40 ± 0.05 g) in 15 tanks (20 in 100 L). Various carbon sources viz. tapioca, sorghum, pearl millet, and finger millet were assigned as BFT-T, BFT-S, BFT-PM and BFT-FM, respectively. Post-rearing, sutchi catfish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila (1 × 10 7 cfu/ml), and blood and serum parameters were analysed. During pre-challenge condition, significantly (p < 0.05) higher haemoglobin concentration (7.69 ± 0.13 g/dl), total erythrocytes count (1.62 ± 0.02 10 6 cells/mm 3 ), total leucocytes count (137.34 ± 4.37 10 3 cells/mm 3 ), packed cell volume (23.93 ± 1.84%) and mean corpuscular volume (142.33 ± 6.80 fL) were observed in BFT-FM as compared to control. The mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration did not differ significantly among the treatments. The serum biochemical parameters were significantly higher in BFT-FM compared to other treatments. The serum glucose (59.44 ± 2.04 mg/dl) and cortisol (50.82 ± 2.21 ng/ml) were significantly lower in BFT-FM than other treatments and control. Serum superoxide dismutase and catalase values increased significantly in biofloc groups when compared with control. The haematological and biochemical values did not differ significantly between the pre-and post-challenge conditions, and stimulated immune response was observed in sutchi catfish against A. hydrophila. The results reveal that finger millet-based biofloc application acts as an immunostimulator; and thereby, reducing the stress and improving haematology and biochemical status of P. hypophthalmus fingerlings.
Efficient water budgeting for various species will help in establishing database for providing practical solutions to the aquaculture sector's water crisis. Hence, a 90‐day study was conducted to evaluate the requirement of water for culture of Penaeus vannamei in inland saline groundwater. The earthen grow‐out ponds (0.1 ha) were stocked with postlarvae of P. vannamei (2.50 ± 0.01 g) at three different stocking densities, that is 30/m2 (T1), 45/m2 (T2) and 60/m2 (T3) respectively. The total quantity of water supplied and evaporation and seepage losses were measured on a daily basis. The rainfall and surface runoff were measured in the event of rainfall. The water quality parameters were analysed once in 10 days and were found to be within the permissible limit. The mean total consumption of water for T1, T2 and T3 was 2093.33 ± 6.66, 2099.30 ± 3.33 and 2092.96 ± 5.77 m3 respectively. The survival and yield of P. vannamei in treatments T1, T2 and T3 were 80.49 ± 0.61%, 72.06 ± 0.74% and 68.70 ± 1.45%; and 283 ± 1.53, 322 ± 3.46 g and 311 ± 3.79 kg respectively. The consumptive water use index was significantly less (p > 0.05) in T2 (6.53 ± 0.07 m3/kg) followed by T3 (6.74 ± 0.08 m3/kg) and T1 (7.41 ± 0.04 m3/kg). The water productivity of P. vannamei was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in T2 (0.153 ± 0.002 kg/m3) followed by T3 (0.148 ± 0.002 kg/m3) and T1 (0.135 ± 0.001 kg/m3). Considering the total quantity of water used and the shrimp produced from the earthen grow‐out ponds using inland saline groundwater, a stocking density of 45/m2 and a water budget of 6.53 m3/kg production of shrimp could be recommended as optimum.
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