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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination in food poses serious problems both for economic development and public health protection, thus leading to a focus on an effective approach to control it. In this context, probiotics strains (Lactobacillus kefiri KFLM3, Kazachstania servazzii KFGY7 and Acetobacter syzygii KFGM1) isolated from a Kefir culture were assessed for their AFB1 adsorption ability. The adsorption experiments were done in culture medium and in milk. The stability of microorganism/AFB1 complexes was evaluated using buffer solutions (pH=3, pH=7 and pH=8) to simulate the pH conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. Our results showed that strains binding assays for AFB1 in culture medium showed no effect (0%). However, the strain L. kefiri KFLM3 was the most active, adsorbing 80 % of AFB1 when cultivated in milk followed by A. syzygii KFGM1 (74%) and K. servazzii KFGY7 (65%). Nonetheless, the strain K. servazzii KFGY7 retained more AFB1 after the desorption experiments (65%). The present findings suggest that kefir isolated strains might be a promising candidate for exploitation in AFB1 detoxification in food and feed matrices.

The effect of dietary Kefir supplementation on the biometric, biochemical, and histological parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1, 200 µg/kg diet) contamination was studied. The yeasts were dominant in Kefir followed by lactic and acetic acid bacteria. The Kefir showed relatively interesting antioxidant potential in the DPPH• (IC50 = 0.9 ± 0.02 mg/ml) and ABTS•+ (IC50 = 2.2 ± 0.03 mg/ml) scavenging activities, Fe3+‐reducing power (EC0.5 = 1.2 ± 0.01 mg/ml), and β‐carotene bleaching assay (IC50 = 3.3 ± 0.02 mg/ml). Three hundred and sixty Nile tilapia weighing 23 ± 5 g were divided into four groups (30 fish/group with 3 replicates), and fed with diets containing Kefir (D2), AFB1 (D3), and Kefir+AFB1 (D4) for 4 weeks, whereas D1 was kept as control group where fish were fed with basal diet. The Kefir supplementation in D4 group significantly increased (p < .05) the percent weight gain as compared to D3 group. Moreover, Kefir improved the antioxidant enzymes in the liver, such as catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, that significantly increased (p < .05) by 2‐, 3‐, and 1.5‐folds, respectively, as compared to D3 group. The Kefir treatment significantly decreased (p < .05) the liver malonaldehyde content by ~50% as compared to D3 group. Histopathological analysis revealed the hepatoprotective effects of Kefir by showing normal liver histological architecture in D4 group, as compared to degenerative changes observed in D3 group. These results suggest that Kefir could be considered as a potential probiotic in Nile tilapia feed to mitigate the AFB1 harmful effects.

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