Simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET) is an innovative limbal stem cell transplantation technique that has gained increasing popularity over the last few years. Different groups from across the world have published the clinical results of SLET in large case series with varying types and severities of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). This review attempts to place all the available knowledge on SLET together in one place for the benefit of not only cornea specialists and trainees but also for residents and general ophthalmologists. It follows a balanced approach of blending evidence with experience by providing an objective analysis of published results along with helpful insights from subject experts, starting from preoperative considerations including the role of newer imaging modalities to the technical aspects of the surgery itself and the management of possible complications. Original data and novel insights on allogeneic SLET for bilateral LSCD are included in the review to address the few remaining lacunae in the existing literature on this topic. This review intends to inform, educate, and empower all aspiring and practicing SLET surgeons to optimize their clinical outcomes and to have maximal positive impact on the lives of the individuals affected by unilateral or bilateral chronic LSCD.

PurposeTo test the reliability and accuracy of a standardised non-invasive imaging algorithm using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in detecting and quantifying pharmacologically induced changes in the perilimbal vasculature.MethodsIn this prospective observational imaging study, 370 angiograms of 15 normal eyes and 10 eyes with nasal pterygiums were obtained using a commercially available OCTA system with split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography technology. Postprocessing of the images to quantify the area occupied by the blood vessels was performed using the Fiji software. The main outcome measures were reliability (intraobserver and interobserver agreement) and accuracy of the standardised algorithm in detecting and quantifying relative change (vasoconstriction and vasodilatation) in the area occupied by the blood vessels after instillation of topical vasoconstrictors.ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficients for intraobserver and interobserver agreement were 0.91 and 0.88 (good to excellent), respectively. In normal eyes, significant vasoconstriction was noted at 5 min (35%–47%) after application of eye-drops, which peaked at 10 min (43%–63%) and was sustained until 20 min (35%–51%), followed by gradual recovery. Greatest effect was noted with a combination of 5% phenylephrine and 0.15% brimonidine tartrate (BT) eye-drops as compared with either one or two drops of BT alone, both at the 10 min (p=0.0058) and 20 min (p=0.0375) time points. This dose-dependent temporal trend was replicated in eyes with primary nasal pterygium (p=0.31).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that OCTA can reliably and accurately detect and quantify relative changes in the perilimbal vasculature in both normal eyes and in eyes with pterygium.

Purpose: To report the indications, long-term structural and functional outcomes, and prognostic factors for the success of penetrating and lamellar corneal patch grafts.Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 49 patients who underwent the corneal patch graft procedure over 8 years. The baseline, preoperative, and postoperative characteristics along with their outcomes were evaluated.Results: Forty-nine eyes (49 patients) with a mean follow-up of 20.3 6 3.27 months (range 6-48) were included. Thirty-one patients underwent full-thickness grafts for corneal perforation, and 18 underwent lamellar grafts for severe thinning. The most common indication was corneal thinning and/or perforation secondary to microbial keratitis (17 eyes, 34.7%). Anatomic success was achieved in 31 eyes (63.2%), in which no further surgical intervention was required for tectonicity. Functional success was achieved in 22 of 37 eyes (59.5%), where along with anatomic success, significant visual gain was also obtained. Absolute graft failure was noted in 12 eyes (24.5%), which developed recurrence of primary pathology requiring reintervention within the first 6 months. Good prognostic factor for success included sterile corneal perforations. The presence of microbial keratitis was noted to be a guarded prognostic factor for success.Conclusions: Corneal patch graft can serve as a good therapeutic modality for corneal ulceration or thinning, not amenable to treatment with tissue adhesive application. Both anatomical success and functional success of 60% was achieved in our series. Those performed for immune-mediated conditions fared the best. Subsequent optical procedures may be performed for further visual rehabilitation at a later stage.

BACKGROUNDCollagen is the most abundantly present connective tissue. In higher animals, primarily as extracellular insoluble fibres and the fibres account for large part of organic mass of skin, tendon, blood vessel, bone teeth, cornea and vitreous humour. Collagen also provides the framework of parenchymal organs and basement membrane. The collagens constitute a family of proteins selected during evolution for the execution of several (mainly structural) functions. During the process of evolution of multicellular organisms, a family of structural proteins was selected by both environmental influences and the functional requirements of the animal organism and developed to acquire varying degrees of rigidity, elasticity and strength. These proteins are known collectively as collagen and the chief examples among its various types are present in the skin, bone, cartilage, smooth muscle and basal lamina. Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body representing 30% of its dry weight. The collagens are produced by several cell types and are distinguishable by their molecular compositions, morphologic characteristics, distribution, functions and pathologies. More than 20 types of collagen have been identified and designated with Roman numerals; the most important of these are listed in Table 5-3. They are classified into the following four categories according to their structure and general functions.

Purpose:Limbal ischemia is an important prognostic factor in the management of ocular burns. In this study, we evaluated the reliability of clinically assessing limbal ischemia among ophthalmic professionals.Methods:This study included 111 ophthalmic professionals who were shown 12 diffuse illumination color slit-lamp photographs of eyes with recent chemical injuries. Respondents were asked whether the photos were assessable and if yes, then to indicate the presence, location, and grade of limbal ischemia in each case. The responses were collected using a standard data collection sheet and the inter-observer agreement was calculated.Results:All participants responded to every question. Of the 1,332 responses, images were deemed assessable in 1,222 (91.7%) instances. The overall agreement (Fleiss’ kappa) for the presence of limbal ischemia and severity of limbal ischemia was 0.106 and 0.139, respectively (P < 0.012). Among the four groups of observers, practicing cornea specialists displayed significantly (P < 0.003) higher kappa values (0.201–0.203) when compared to residents (0.131–0.185), fellows (0.086–0.127), and optometrists (0.077–0.102). All indicated a poor level of inter-rater consistency.Conclusion:The results indicate that clinical assessment of limbal ischemia is highly subjective and there is lack of reliability even among cornea specialists who regularly manage patients with ocular burns. A non-invasive, standardized, objective, accurate, and reliable modality for ocular surface angiography is desperately needed for proper assessment and prognostication of ocular burns.