ABSTRAKMeningkatnya kandungan karbondioksida (CO 2 ) di atmosfer merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab terjadinya perubahan iklim dunia (global climate change). Penambatan karbondioksida melalui berbagai vegetasi hutan, misalnya di hutan mangrove diyakini sebagai salah satu upaya penurunan kandungan gas karbondioksida dari atmosfer. Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. sebagai salah satu jenis pohon pada tegakan mangrove memiliki potensi penambatan karbondioksida yang cukup besar. Selain melakukan pendugaan kandungan karbon pada tegakan Avicennia marina, juga dilakukan analisis karbon organik tanah. Kegiatan penelitian ini dilakukan di BKPH Ciasem, KPH Purwakarta, Perum Perhutani Unit III -Jawa Barat dan Banten. Dari lima plot pengambilan contoh tanah, diperoleh hasil rata-rata kandungan karbon organik tanah sebesar 2,9%. Kandungan karbon organik tanah ini tergolong sedang. Berdasarkan hasil dari sampling dengan merusak pohon di lapangan, diperoleh persamaan allometrik kandungan biomasa (Y) sebagai berikut: untuk biomasa atas Y = 0,1848(DBH) 2,3524 R 2 = 0,9839, untuk biomasa bawah Y = 0,1682(DBH) 1,7939 R 2 = 0,8581, dan untuk biomasa total Y = 0,2905(DBH) 2,2598 R 2 = 0,9815. Tegakan A. marina di BKPH Ciasem memiliki potensi kandungan biomasa total sebesar 364,9 ton/ha dan kandungan karbon sebesar 182,5 ton/ha. Nilai serapan CO 2 total tegakan A. marina (Forsk.) Vierh. di BKPH Ciasem adalah 669,0 ton/ha dengan nilai serapan CO 2 rata-rata 14,2 ton/ pohon. Kata kunci : Hutan mangrove, biomasa, sekuestrasi karbon I. PENDAHULUANKawasan hutan mangrove merupakan suatu kawasan yang berfungsi sebagai jembatan antara lautan dan daratan.Saat ini, hutan mangrove di dunia hanya tersisa sekitar 17 juta hektar; 22 % dari luas tersebut terdapat di Indonesia yang sebagian besar telah mengalami kerusakan dan perubahan status peruntukannya.
Tropical forests are among the most diverse ecosystems in the world, completed by huge biodiversity. An expansion in natural resource extraction through open-pit mining activities leads to increasing land and tropical forest degradation. Proper science-based practices are needed as an effort to reclaim their function. This paper summarizes the existing practice of coal mining, covering the regulatory aspects and their reclamation obligations, the practices of coal mining from various sites with different land characteristics, and the reclamation efforts of the post-mining landscapes in Indonesia. The regulations issued accommodate the difference between mining land inside the forest area and outside the forest area, especially in the aspect of the permit authority and in evaluating the success rate of reclamation. In coal-mining practices, this paper describes starting from land clearing activities and followed by storing soil layers and overburden materials. In this step, proper handling of potentially acid-forming materials is crucial to prevent acid mine drainage. At the reclamation stage, this paper sequentially presents research results and the field applications in rearranging the overburden and soil materials, controlling acid mine drainage and erosion, and managing the drainage system, settling ponds, and pit lakes. Many efforts to reclaim post-coal-mining lands and their success rate have been reported and highlighted. Several success stories describe that post-coal-mining lands can be returned to forests that provide ecosystem services and goods. A set of science-based best management practices for post-coal-mine reforestation is needed to develop to promote the success of forest reclamation and restoration in post-coal-mining lands through the planting of high-value hardwood trees, increasing trees’ survival rates and growth, and accelerating the establishment of forest habitat through the application of proper tree planting technique. The monitoring and evaluation aspect is also crucial, as corrective action may be taken considering the different success rates for different site characteristics.
Natural forest has many ecological functions which plays a vital role in preserving the ecosystem balance. One of them is to stabilize the climatic condition. This is linked with the forest capability to absorb carbondioxide in the photosynthesis process. The more carbondioxide absorbed and stored in the form of biomass carbon, the more it reduces greenhouse gas effect in the atmosphere. This paper discusses the carbon biomass potency of old growth forest and thirty year-old logged over forest in the Malinau Research Forest, located in East Kalimantan. Twenty centimeters depth of soil sampling was collected from five points representing each study site. Above ground biomass estimation was done by establishing four 1-ha plots for both forest sites. Within the 1-ha plot, 25 subplots with the size of 20 m x 20 m were also established. Trees with dbh ≥ 10 cm were recorded in terms of diameter and height. Tree biomass was estimated by employing Brown and Chave allometric equation. The study results showed that the soil carbon of 20 cm depth at old growth forest and the thirty year logged over forest were 37.86 tonC/ha and 30.58 tonC/ha, respectively. Further, the above ground carbon biomass of the old growth forest and the thirty year logged over forest were 264.70 tonC/ha and 249.10 tonC/ha, respectively. In conclusion, accumulation of carbondioxide in the old growth forest and the thirty year logged over forest for the past 30 years were 970.57 tonCO 2 /ha and 913.37 tonCO 2 /ha, respectively. It is of interest to note that the potency of natural forest in Malinau Research Forest in absorbing carbon is very high when it is managed sustainably. Tthe above ground biomass difference between the old growth forest and the 30 year logged over forest was only slightly. Keywords: Old growth forest, thirty year logged over forest, carbon biomass ABSTRAK Hutan alam memiliki fungsi ekologis yang sangat vital dalam menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem. Salah satu di antaranya adalah fungsi hutan alam dalam menjaga iklim di dalam kawasan hutan maupun di luar hutan. Hal ini terkait dengan kemampuan tegakan hutan untuk menyerap karbondioksida dan melepaskan oksigen dalam proses fotosintesis. Semakin banyak karbondioksida yang diserap oleh tanaman dalam bentuk biomasa karbon maka semakin besar pengaruh buruk efek gas rumah kaca dapat ditekan. Dalam tulisan ini, akan dibahas tentang potensi biomasa karbon hutan alam dan hutan bekas tebangan setelah 30 tahun di Hutan Penelitian Malinau, Kalimantan Timur. Pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan dengan membuat lima titik sampling tanah secara acak dengan kedalaman 20 cm masing-masing di hutan alam dan hutan bekas tebangan setelah 30 tahun. Pengukuran biomasa karbon di atas permukaan tanah, dilakukan dengan membuat empat plot dan masing-masing plot dibuat subplot sebanyak 25 dengan ukuran 20 m x 20 m pada masingmasing hutan alam dan hutan bekas tebangan setelah 30 tahun. Pohon dengan diameter setinggi dada ≥ 10 cm diukur dan dicatat diameter dan tingginya. Biomas diukur dengan menggunakan metode B...
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