Patients with TNBC have increased pCR rates compared with non-TNBC, and those with pCR have excellent survival. However, patients with RD after neoadjuvant chemotherapy have significantly worse survival if they have TNBC compared with non-TNBC, particularly in the first 3 years.

Residual DCIS in patients who experience complete eradication of the invasive cancer in the breast and lymph nodes does not adversely affect survival or local recurrence rate. Inclusion of patients with residual DCIS in the definition of pCR is justified when this outcome is used as an early surrogate for long-term survival.

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Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and DNA microarrays are increasingly used in the clinic and in clinical research as prognostic or predictive tests. Results from these tests led to novel risk stratification methods and to new molecular classification of breast cancer. Some of these tools already complement existing diagnostic tests and can aid medical decision making in some situations. Better understanding of the molecular classes of breast cancer, independent of their prognostic and predictive values, may also lead to new biological insights and eventually to better therapies that are directed toward particular molecular subsets. However, there is substantially less experience with these emerging technologies than with the more established methods, the accuracy of which is often overestimated. This review discusses some of the limitations and strengths of current gene expression-based molecular classification of breast cancer. To provide context for this discussion, we also briefly examine the performance of estrogen receptor immunohistochemistry, which represents an essential part of the routine diagnostic workup for all breast cancer patients.

Introduction Successful human placentation depends on adequate transformation of the uteroplacental vasculature by extravillous trophoblast (EVT) following proliferation, migration and invasion of these cellsinto the maternal decidua [1,2]. This process of vascular remodelling rises to a peak by the end of the first trimester and declines rapidly thereafter [3]. At around 10-12 weeks of gestation (wg), cytotrophoblasts (CT) Abstract Pre-eclampsia (PE), the major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, is thought to be caused by shallow invasion of the maternal decidua by extravillous trophoblasts (EVT). Data suggest that a fine balance between the expressions of pro-and anti-invasive factors might regulate EVT invasiveness. Recently, we showed that the expression of the new growth factor endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF) is high in early pregnancy

III.

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NCT00484653.