Though Rice is cultivated in huge quantities, various disease causing agents will reduce the yield leading to not only losing the economy but also a food crisis. Production of rice is constrained by fungal, bacterial and viral diseases. In the current review, we focused on various pathological symptoms in Oryza species that cause high yield losses. In this context, plant breeders are attempting progressive research activity to achieve more yield and disease-resistant varieties that balance the world’s rice demand and increase the farmers' income. Rice was recognized as a genetic model for research in genetics and molecular biology, for understanding growth, development, tolerance to stress and disease resistance because of its small genome. The present review focuses on the various causative agents of diminishing rice yield along with the strategies to eradicate the pathogen and thereby increasing the yield. Recent research advances at genetic level have paved a way for novel approach to understand the significance between the pheno-genotypic variations with the crop yield of rice. Further, the review also includes the advanced methodologies at molecular level so as to save the rice cultivators from economic crisis. Disease resistant genes are identified and screened using molecular markers like SSR (simple sequence repeats), RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA), and RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) analysis. There exist few reports in the literature about rice cultivation, but to the best of our knowledge in a single review both cause and remedy were not discussed in detail. In this context, our review provides an insight into the aspects attributing the crop loss followed by suggesting the suitable alternative method for enhancing crop yield.
Background: Phytocompounds in medicinal plants have a wide range of properties and are alternative medicines for those who cannot be helped by conventional medicine. Objective: In this work we have selected bioactive compounds from Hemidesmus indicus medicinal plant extracts. Methods: Gas chromatography and Mass spectrum studies were studied to identify the compounds present in the ethanolic extracts based on the retention time and area. Results: The identified compounds were used for anti-cancer activity by insilico method with BCL-2 which plays prominent role in causing cancer. Conclusion: Out of twenty selected compounds, docking results showedMethyl-1-Cyclohexane carboxylate and 1,2-diacetoxy-5-idohexane as best docked to the BCL-2.
Several approaches have been used to demonstrate that signals derived from gut microbiota are critical for the development of the immune system. Probiotics are live microorganisms that have beneficial effects on host health, including extended lifespan, when they are administered or present in adequate quantities. However, the mechanisms by which probiotics stimulate host longevity remain unclear and very poorly understood. Probiotic supplements are needed to determine the effectiveness as a non-chemical approach to promote health and welfare. Our studies focus on the assessment of the molecular impact of probiotic administration involved in homeostasis and immunity. Shrimps received the recommended doses of microbial pack containing Bacillus species andRhodococcus species. The fermentation was carried at 37°C for 72 hours under microaerophilic condition. The parameters like pH, microbial load, acidity and concentration of reducing sugar had been measured.This probiotic pack when used either alone or in combination with traditional dairy starter, significantly improved the nutritional properties and the shelf life of the product. The present work will be valuable to elaborate novel functional food based on these original probiotic properties.
Though Rice is cultivated in huge quantities, various disease causing agents will reduce the yield leading to not only losing the economy but also a food crisis. Production of rice is constrained by fungal, bacterial and viral diseases. In the current review, we focused on various pathological symptoms in Oryza species that cause high yield losses. In this context, plant breeders are attempting progressive research activity to achieve more yield and disease-resistant varieties that balance the world’s rice demand and increase the farmers' income. Rice was recognized as a genetic model for research in genetics and molecular biology, for understanding growth, development, tolerance to stress and disease resistance because of its small genome. The present review focuses on the various causative agents of diminishing rice yield along with the strategies to eradicate the pathogen and thereby increasing the yield. Recent research advances at genetic level have paved a way for novel approach to understand the significance between the pheno-genotypic variations with the crop yield of rice. Further, the review also includes the advanced methodologies at molecular level so as to save the rice cultivators from economic crisis. Disease resistant genes are identified and screened using molecular markers like SSR (simple sequence repeats), RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA), and RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) analysis. There exist few reports in the literature about rice cultivation, but to the best of our knowledge in a single review both cause and remedy were not discussed in detail. In this context, our review provides an insight into the aspects attributing the crop loss followed by suggesting the suitable alternative method for enhancing crop yield.
Though Rice is cultivated in huge quantities, various disease causing agents will reduce the yield leading to not only losing the economy but also a food crisis. Production of rice is constrained by fungal, bacterial and viral diseases. In the current review, we focused on various pathological symptoms in Oryza species that cause high yield losses. In this context, plant breeders are attempting progressive research activity to achieve more yield and disease-resistant varieties that balance the world’s rice demand and increase the farmers' income. Rice was recognized as a genetic model for research in genetics and molecular biology, for understanding growth, development, tolerance to stress and disease resistance because of its small genome. The present review focuses on the various causative agents of diminishing rice yield along with the strategies to eradicate the pathogen and thereby increasing the yield. Recent research advances at genetic level have paved a way for novel approach to understand the significance between the pheno-genotypic variations with the crop yield of rice. Further, the review also includes the advanced methodologies at molecular level so as to save the rice cultivators from economic crisis. Disease resistant genes are identified and screened using molecular markers like SSR (simple sequence repeats), RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA), and RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) analysis. There exist few reports in the literature about rice cultivation, but to the best of our knowledge in a single review both cause and remedy were not discussed in detail. In this context, our review provides an insight into the aspects attributing the crop loss followed by suggesting the suitable alternative method for enhancing crop yield.
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