duration of the trials was 3-12 months. One trial of 300 men found that those assigned to PFMT achieved continence more quickly (after 1, 3 and 6 months) than men not assigned to PFMT. Men receiving biofeedback-enhanced PFMT were more likely to achieve continence or have no continual leakage than those with no training within 1-2 months after RP (relative benefit increase 1.54; 95% confidence interval 1.01-2.34; four trials reporting). The relative benefit increase (1.19, 0.82-1.72; five studies) was no longer significant after 3-4 months. Biofeedbackenhanced PFMT was comparable to written/ verbal PFMT instruction. Extracorporeal magnetic innervation (ExMI) and electrical stimulation (ES) were found to be initially (within 1-2 months) more effective than PFMT in one trial, but there were no significant differences between groups at ≥ 3 months. CONCLUSIONBased on available evidence, PFMT with or without biofeedback enhancement hastens the return to continence more than no PFMT in men with UI after RP. Additional trials are needed to confirm whether ExMI and ES are effective conservative treatment options. KEYWORDSpelvic floor muscle training, urinary incontinence, radical prostatectomy, systematic review OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) for treating urinary incontinence (UI) after radical prostatectomy (RP) by reviewing evidence from randomized trials. METHODSRandomized trials published in English were included if they involved men with UI after RP and compared PFMT with a control group. Data were abstracted onto a standardized form using a prospectively developed protocol.

The male perineal sling can be an effective surgical treatment for stress incontinence in the appropriate patient. The procedure is most successful in patients with lesser objective degrees of incontinence. The Patient Global Impression of Improvement is an effective tool for assessing outcome for this population.

According to intermediate followup data laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation can be performed with an excellent success rate and low morbidity. Our data substantiate this technique as an effective method for managing distal ureteral stricture.

The proposed urodynamic protocol allows for an optimal assessment of bladder and sphincter dysfunction and outlet obstruction in men with PPI.

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