Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) has been applied to detect the stability and boundary condition of the dental implant osseointegration in several investigations. Its clinical relating application was generally accepted. Nevertheless, these studies only presented the overall phenomena of osseointegration around the implant and were unable to diagnose the location of the bone defect. Therefore, the aim of this study refers to an effective detection technique for locating the position of bone defect surrounding the dental implant. Various in-vitro bone defect models composed of a dental implant, a healing abutment and an artificial bone block were used to perform the experimental modal analysis (EMA). The bone defect model was excited by an impacted hammer; induced vibration response was acquired by an accelerometer and processed through a spectrum analyzer. The statistical analysis was used to generalize the relationship between the obtained RF values and various bone defects from experimental results. The finding of this study indicates that RF decreases remarkably when the range and depth of defects increase. Thus, the direction of the defect is decided first by RF variations of the sound and defective side, and the position of the defect is discriminated later by RF differences of various bone defect models. This conclusion assists doctors in diagnosis after surgery.
This study aims to assess clinical bone defects between an implant and jaw bone after dental implantation by examining the mode shape of structures. Different severity of bone defects was evaluated through structure resonant frequencies and their corresponding mode shapes of the implant and jaw bone by using both numerical analysis and experimentation. This study consists of two parts. First, the assumption of two kinds of boundary conditions, bonding and rubbing, was applied to simulate osseointegration in the clinical dentistry and the in-vitro bone defect model, respectively, in finite element analysis. Natural frequencies and their mode shapes of the implant/jaw were computed by the modal analysis. During the harmonic analysis, the response displacements versus frequency of implant in the buccolingual and mesiodistal directions were defined. Secondly, the structural resonant frequencies were measured by a procedure of acoustic excitation and displacement response, and then this result was compared with using the detection of an Osstell mentor. The simulation results show that the structure local mode corresponding high-frequency resonance can be used to examine bone imperfection remarkably. Limited by extremely tiny response displacement, measuring dynamic range of the capacitive displacement sensor, the acoustic excitation-displacement response measurement can only acquire the structure global mode of the mandible corresponding to low-frequency resonance. Additionally, the Osstell mentor can assess bone defects effectively. Therefore, the above-mentioned simulations and experimental results prove that the local mode is promising to evaluate the defect severity of the dental-implantation osseointegration.
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