Exhaustion of locally available materials and increasing hauling charges gained the potential for the exploration of cost-effective alternative materials in the construction industry. Broad endeavours have been made over numerous years on the utilization of industrial waste, yet scant exploration is being done on ferrochrome slag. Ferrochrome slag is an industrial by-product obtained from stainless steel production. Several highway laboratory tests on the characterization of ferrochrome slag are carried out, and the physical and mechanical properties of ferrochrome slag are observed to fulfil MoRTH specifications. Deficiency of fines is observed in the gradation of ferrochrome slag, so quarry dust is incorporated for mechanical stabilization. Ferrochrome slag and quarry dust are blended in different proportions to check the gradation suitability as sub-base and base courses in flexible pavement. Modified Proctor Method of compaction is performed for the ferrochrome slag and quarry dust combinations to carry out the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test at Maximum Dry Density (MDD) and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC). Studies have shown that the combinations of ferrochrome slag and quarry dust in 70/30 and 60/40 proportions are well graded and have reached the required gradation for use as cement-treated sub-base and base layers in flexible pavement.

This study explores the use of ferrochrome slag as cement-bound granular layers of flexible pavement. To meet MoRTH design criteria, ferrochrome slag (FS) gradation was improved by incorporating quarry dust (Q) in proportions of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% (by weight). Only FS70Q30 and FS60Q40 composites have satisfied the gradation requirements of cementitious sub-base and base courses of flexible pavement. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) tests were performed under OMC and MDD conditions on ferrochrome slag and quarry dust composites stabilized with cement in proportions of 2% to 10% (by weight of the aggregate mix) and curing periods of 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. FS70Q30 and FS60Q40 mixes exhibited a significant increase in strength and wave velocities with increasing cement content and curing periods. The UCS of FS60Q40 mixes was 1.03 to 1.62 times that of FS70Q30 mixes, and no significant variation in UPV was observed. An equation with a high regression factor (R-square >0.98) was formulated to correlate UCS and UPV values with cement content. Based on the developed statistical equation, the predicted minimum cement content for FS60Q40 mixes was found to be 12-16% lower than FS70Q30 mixes.

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Rapid prototyping is a new field where the depths are still being analysed, this paper is in regards for applying the subject to the field of pattern making.The work also extends to the area of comparing the low cost rapid prototyping to that of a pattern producedby CNC in terms of the geometrical accuracy so as to check the usage of the 3Dprinting in the field of pattern making. Possible foreseen actions that could benefit the pattern making industry are that of cost reduction and the time to produce a work piece. The scope of the paper lies in terms of the accuracy and the surface roughness since these affect the quality of the product to be produced. Since the dimensional accuracy is an important factor while pattern making is used, critical dimension which including the taper at a lower distance and some angle is also used so that the best results would be obtained. The dimensions are also checked by using a coordinate measuring machine, vernier callipers and machine vision. Machine vision has been applied so as to check whether they provide a scope for replacement of the conventional technique of quality inspection in the pattern making industry.