We report on a perovskite solar module with an aperture area of 4 cm 2 and geometrical fill factor of 91%. The module exhibits an aperture area power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.6% from a current-voltage scan and 12.6% after 5 min of maximum power point tracking. High PCE originates in pinhole free perovskite films made with a precursor combination of Pb(CH 3 CO 2 ) 2 ·3H 2 O, PbCl 2 , and CH 3 NH 3 I. Broader contextRecently, significant progress has been made in organometallic halide perovskite solar cell research, boosting the record certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 20.1%.

Concurrently pumped ultrasonic spray coating is implemented for rapid composition screening and in situ bandgap control of perovskite photovoltaics, achieving 15.7% efficiency for devices and 11.7% for modules, and tested under continuous maximum power point tracking.

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